Double Modals in Early English

Nagle, Stephen J.

doi:10.1075/cilt.106.26nag

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Thus, it has been claimed to be extant only in the Ulster Scots areas of Counties Down and Antrim which were noted earlier as communities that disfavoured the After Perfect (see Corrigan, 2000a; Hickey, 2009; Mishoe and Montgomery, 1992; Montgomery and Nagle, 1993). As (5a–c) demonstrate, the feature is also still retained in those dialect areas of Northern England and Scotland that provided immigrant groups for the plantation of East Ulster (see Montgomery and Nagle, 1993; Nagle, 1993). He should can go tomorrow He ought to be able to go tomorrow [Scottish English: Brown (1991: 74)] He wouldn't could have worked, even if you had asked him He wouldn't have been able to work even if you had asked him [Tyneside English: cited in McDonald (1981: 186)] Theaw must ’ave for t’ be clever for t' go to t' university You have to be clever in order to go to university [Bolton English: cited in Shorrocks (1999: 193)]…”

Section: Double Modalsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Grammatical variation in Irish English

Corrigan¹

2011

English Today

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Irish English (IrE) was initially learned as a second language as a result of the successive colonizations of Ireland by speakers of English and Scots dialects that began in the Middle Ages and reached a peak during what is termed ‘The Plantation Period’ of Irish history. The scheme persuaded English and Scottish settlers to colonize the island of Ireland, hailing from urban centres like London as well as more rural areas like Norfolk and Galloway. This intensive colonization process created the possibility that a novel type of English could emerge. This new variety is characterized by: (i) innovative forms; (ii) the incorporation of features drawn from Irish, the indigenous language prior to colonization, and (iii) other characteristics caused by the mixing of Irish with the regional Scots and English vernaculars of the new settlers. Interestingly (and not uncommonly when migratory movements of these kinds arise), modern varieties of IrE still retain this mixed heritage. Moreover, the colonization is preserved culturally – particularly in the north of Ireland – by ethnic divisions between the descendants of the migrant and indigenous populations. Thus, Catholics, who reflect the latter group, celebrate events like ‘St Patrick's Day’ while their Protestant neighbours commemorate ‘The Glorious Twelfth’ each July, celebrating the day in 1690 when King William III's victory at the Battle of the Boyne ensured the ultimate success of the Plantation scheme in which their forefathers participated. The linguistic consequences of this contact permeate all aspects of the speech used within these communities (accent, grammar and vocabulary). Moreover, some of the grammatical features that are the focus of this article have travelled to regions that have been intensively settled by Irish migrants. Hence, these features also have important implications for the study of transported dialects, which has recently become very topical and is the focus of a new strand of research in English variation studies typified by the publication of Hickey (ed. 2004).

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Section: Double Modalsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Grammatical variation in Irish English

Corrigan¹

2011

English Today

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“…The grammatical-syntactic rules in the positions, types, and meanings of modals are not the same any more in both countries. Only a minority of researchers, such as Brown (1991), Miller and Brown (1982), Millar and Brown (1980) and Nagle (1989Nagle ( , 1994Nagle ( , 1995Nagle ( , 1997 (1) I know I might could and should enjoy myself.…”

Section: The Similarity Criterionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2018

CNP

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There is a considerable number of sign language linguists who accept as proven that essential parts of sequential-simultaneous constructions in sign languages (henceforth: SL) are "gestural" and therefore do not have language status, i.e. are "non-linguistic". This judgement applies to all elements of SL where spatial parameters are used to code indexical and iconic meanings or spatial relations. The respective argumentations contain many methodologically questionable steps and are particularly led by a strong bias towards a spoken language (henceforth: SpL) perspective. This bias includes an uncritical adoption of the results of research on gestures to SL ("uncritical" means that the inconsistencies in gesture research itself were not considered); despite the fact that gesture research was performed exclusively on SpL. Therefore, a discussion of the assumptions and analysis processes concerning SL is urgent. In order to overcome the SpL bias in SL linguistics we need a typological model which takes both SpL and SL as instances of "language" in different modalities. By abstracting from both types of language, a new extended model of "language" can be developed. I will perform my analysis from the perspective of a typological language model which comprises both SL and SpL in equal measure. A comprehensive typology assumes that every language shows those categories which its users select as the best suited for the chosen modality or modalities. It * Franz Dotter was Associate Professor for General Linguistics and founder of the Centre for Sign Language and Deaf Communication at Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt. He passed away in March 2018. We thank his family for the permission to publish his article posthumously.

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“…The feature can also be adduced as evidence for different postulates about the evolution of English syntax (Nagle 1993;Fennell & Butters 1996;Coupé & van Kemenade 2009): either as a fossilized relic of two-verb constructions, predating the grammaticalization of modals from full lexical verbs to auxiliaries, or as a feature that emerges as a result of grammaticalization in the Middle English period. Despite their status as a nonpareil object of theoretical interest, the inventory of possible double modal combinations and the extent of their use in regional varieties of English have not been well established by empirical studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double modals in contemporary British and Irish speech

Coats¹

2023

English Language and Linguistics

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This article reports on the use of double modals, a non-standard syntactic feature, in the contemporary speech of the UK and Ireland. Most data on the geographic extent of the feature and its combinatorial types come from surveys or acceptability ratings or from older attestations focused on northern England, Scotland or Northern Ireland, with relatively few attestations in naturalistic data and from England and Wales. Manual verification of double modals in a large corpus of geolocated Automatic Speech Recognition transcripts from YouTube videos of local government channels from the UK and Ireland shows that the feature exhibits a larger inventory of combinatorial types than has previously been found and is attested in speech from throughout the UK and Ireland. The development may be related to ongoing changes in the semantic space occupied by modal auxiliaries in English.

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Double Modals in Early English

Cited by 24 publications

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Grammatical variation in Irish English

Grammatical variation in Irish English

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Double modals in contemporary British and Irish speech

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