Double-layered co-microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate and mesoporous MCM-41 in intumescent flame-retardant natural rubber composites

Wang, Na; Long, Minnan; Wu, Yongbin; Zhang, Jing; Fang, Qinghong

doi:10.1007/s10973-013-3404-9

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Generally, an intumenscent flame retardant can provide a barrier to the material underneath. It was confirmed that the intumenscent flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitrogen is very effective to flame retard rubber through the combined action of gas phase and condensed phase [30,31]. Generally, the organo-phosphorus molecules are very efficient radical scavengers, and the free-radical reaction corresponds to an exothermic process, so the combustion behavior is prevented [32e34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient flame retardant for silicone rubber: Preparation and application

Zhu

Deng

Cao

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient flame retardant for silicone rubber: Preparation and application

Zhu

Deng

Cao

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…This system with covalently anchored functional groups on the silica causes its surface to have specific attributes, such as a stereochemical configuration and binding sites that enhance compatibility with organic binders which improve thermal stability. That is the reason why NR/M(A&M) system has a relatively high LOI value compared with our previous double-layered microencapsulation with MF resin and ZB outside APP and MCM-41 [10].…”

Section: Characterization Of Microcapsulesmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…It can be clearly found that NR/ M(A&M) system has higher flame retardancy than that of NR/MCAPP/MCM-41. This enhancement in flame retardancy is thought to be due to the fact that when the NR composites containing M(A&M) were heated, MF resin as the inner shell of MCAPP released water vapor and NH 3 gases, which reduced the concentration of air and made the NR materials swell to form intumescent char [10]. This system with covalently anchored functional groups on the silica causes its surface to have specific attributes, such as a stereochemical configuration and binding sites that enhance compatibility with organic binders which improve thermal stability.…”

Section: Characterization Of Microcapsulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the ideal mechanical and FR properties of NR composites cannot be achieved by the single-layered microencapsulation of IFR. And then, we studied the double-layered comicroencapsulated APP and MCM-41 fillers (M(A&M)) with MEL-formaldehyde (MF) resin and zinc borate (ZB) in intumescent flame-retardant natural rubber composites [10] to solve the problem mentioned. As the outer shell is made of inorganic ZB materials, the compatibility and material mechanical performance are still not ideal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of silicone shell on double-layered microcapsules in intumescent flame-retardant natural rubber composites

Wang

et al. 2014

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Double-shell co-microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate and mesoporous MCM-41 (M(A&M)) were prepared by using melamine-formaldehyde resin and organic silicon in situ polymerization. The structure of the microcapsules was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, particle size analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. In particular, the influence of basic properties of flame-retardant natural rubber , such as flameretardant and mechanical property, was investigated with the limiting oxygen index, UL-94 test, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile test, and rubber process analyzer (RPA). Due to the presence of organic silicone shell, the NR/ M(A&M) composites had much better flame-retardant and mechanical properties than other flame-retardant natural rubber (NR) composites. The limited oxygen index value of the NR/M(A&M) composite reached the maximum, and the UL-94 ratings were increased to V-0. Furthermore, M(A&M) showed better compatibility in NR system by the RPA. The occurrence of a synergistic effect between MCM-41 and intumescent flame-retardant in the NR composites was proved. As a result, the thermal stability and flame retardancy of NR were enhanced.

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“…Meanwhile, the intensity of the C 1s peak of MCLDHs at 284.8 eV increased immensely, which was a main element in MF resin. The intensity of Al 2p , Mg 1s , and O 1s decreased sharply because the surface of LDHs can be occupied by MF prepolymer, which was polymerized to form the 3‐dimensional sealed network structure under the acidic and heat conditions as shown in Scheme . On the other hand, the surface elemental compositions of MCLDHs listed in Table showed the same variation trend as the intensity of the above peaks compared with LDHs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Preparation and characterization of microencapsulated LDHs with melamine‐formaldehyde resin and its flame retardant application in epoxy resin

Ping

Hong

et al. 2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are emerging as a new and green high‐efficient flame retardant. But LDHs aggregate seriously because of their hydrophilicity, which affect deeply the mechanical and flame retardant properties of their composites. For the first time in this paper, microencapsulated LDHs (MCLDHs) with melamine‐formaldehyde (MF) resin were prepared by microencapsulation technology to enhance their compatibility and dispersion within epoxy resin (EP). The mechanical and flame retardant performances of EP/MCLDH composite were studied by comparing with EP/LDH composite. Results showed that the water contact angle of MCLDHs increased from 8.9° to 122.1°, which indicated good compatibility. The particle size of MCLDHs decreased sharply, and more than one‐third were up to submicron scale, which can be conducive to dispersion. Moreover, the tensile strength and elongation at break of EP/MCLDHs with different flame retardant contents were higher than those of EP/LDHs. And the addition of MCLDHs increased the glass transition temperature (Tg) of EP/MCLDHs, which meant a strong interfacial interaction. Besides, compared with EP/LDHs, the limiting oxygen index values of EP/MCLDHs were higher, and its peak of heat release rate and total heat release decreased by 16.3% and 5.5% respectively. EP/MCLDHs achieved from V‐1 to V‐0 rate with the increasing content of MCLDHs from 20% to 30%, while LDHs/EP never passed tests. In the process of heating, H2O, CO2, and NH3 released from MCLDHs formed gaseous phase, and the remaining dense char layers and oxides produced condensed phase, which played an important role in inhibiting combustion.

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Double-layered co-microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate and mesoporous MCM-41 in intumescent flame-retardant natural rubber composites

Cited by 38 publications

References 21 publications

An efficient flame retardant for silicone rubber: Preparation and application

An efficient flame retardant for silicone rubber: Preparation and application

The influence of silicone shell on double-layered microcapsules in intumescent flame-retardant natural rubber composites

Preparation and characterization of microencapsulated LDHs with melamine‐formaldehyde resin and its flame retardant application in epoxy resin

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