Double-ended lidar technique for aerosol studies

Hughes, H. G.; Paulson, M. R.

doi:10.1364/ao.27.002273

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The Two-Stream inversion, also referred to as the bipath or the double-ended lidar technique, requires two elastic backscatter lidars pointing at each other. This method was introduced in the 1980s (Kunz, 1987;Hughes and Paulson, 1988), and later revised for application to ground based lidars pointing at each other horizontally (Jörgensen et al, 1997); zenith-pointing ground based lidar and nadir-pointing airborne lidar (Stachlewska et al, 2005;Ritter et al, 2006) and also discussed for zenith-pointing ground based lidar and nadir-pointing space borne lidar (Cuesta and Flamant, 2004;Wang et al, 2007). The Two-Stream technique allows for the direct retrieval of a range/height dependent extinction coefficient with the only assumption being that the atmosphere, sampled from opposite directions by the two lidars, is the same.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On retrieval of lidar extinction profiles using Two-Stream and Raman techniques

Stachlewska

Ritter

2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The Two-Stream technique employs simultaneous measurements performed by two elastic backscatter lidars pointing at each other to sample into the same atmosphere. It allows for a direct retrieval of the extinction coefficient profile from the ratio of the two involved lidar signals. During a number of Alfred-Wegener-Institute (AWI) campaigns dedicated to Arctic research, the AWI's Polar 2 aircraft with the integrated onboard nadir-pointing Airborne Mobile Aerosol Lidar (AMALi) was utilised. The aircraft flew over a vicinity of NyÅlesund on Svalbard, where the zenith-pointing Koldewey Aerosol Raman Lidar (KARL) has been located. This experimental approach gave the unique opportunity to retrieve the extinction profiles with a rarely used Two-Stream technique against a well established Raman technique. Both methods were applied to data obtained for clean Arctic conditions during the Arctic Study of Tropospheric clouds and Radiation (ASTAR 2004) campaign, and slightly polluted Arctic conditions during the Svalbard Experiment (SvalEx 2005) campaign. Successful comparison of both evaluation tools in different measurement conditions demonstrates sensitivity and feasibility of the Two-Stream method to obtain particle extinction and backscatter coefficients profiles without assumption of their relationship (lidar ratio). The method has the potential to serve as an extinction retrieval tool for KARL or AMALi simultaneous observations with the space borne CALIPSO lidar overpasses during the ASTAR 2007.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On retrieval of lidar extinction profiles using Two-Stream and Raman techniques

Stachlewska

Ritter

2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…1 (d). 18 This scheme also provides additional information. We here still have a genuine lidar with full depth resolution.…”

Section: Elastic Backscatter Lidarmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Lidar measurements of atmospheric constituents</title>

Weitkamp

1996

SPIE Proceedings

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The advent of depth-resolving, remote measurement techniques for the determination of atmospheric constituents added a new dimension to the investigation of atmospheric phenomena. In the present paper optical, or lidar, techniques suited for this purpose are reviewed. After a presentation of the processes used and the algorithms necessary to extract the interesting information from the optical return signals, a few considerations about the necessary instrumentation are presented. For iilustration, one example is shown of results obtained with elastic backscatter, differential absorption and scattering, Raman lidar, and Raman DIAL. Of the numerous new developments in actual progress, one example, BELINDA, has been chosen that in a way marks the borderline between elastic backscatter and differential absorption lidar.

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“…The double-ended technique has been used recently by Hughes and Paulson (1988) to examine the effects of spatial inhomogeneities on the single-ended lidar inversion algorithms. Measurements were made using two visioceilometer (Lindberg, et al , 1984) lidars over a 0.9825 km slant path near the ocean on the Point Loma Peninsula in San Diego, California.…”

Section: Aerosol Sensing With Lidarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine atmospheric effects on electro-optical systems performance

Richter

Hughes

1990

Propagation Engineering: Third in a Series

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For the past twelve years, a coordinated tn-service effort has been underway in the United States Department of Defense to provide an atmospheric effects assessment capability for existing and planned electro-optical (E0) systems. This paper reviews the exploratory development effort in the US Navy.A key responsibility for the Navy was the development of marine aerosol models. An initial model, the Navy Aerosol Model (NAN), was developed, tested, and transitioned into LOWTRAN 6. A more comprehensive model, the Navy Oceanic Vertical Aerosol Model (NOVAM), has been formulated and is presently undergoing comprehens ive evaluation and testing.Marine aerosols and their extinction properties are only one important factor in EO systems performance assessment. For many EO systems applications, an accurate knowledge of marine background radiances is required in addition to considering the effects of the intervening atmosphere. Accordingly, a capability was developed to estimate the apparent sea surface radiance for different sea states and meteorological conditions. Also, an empirical relationship was developed which directly relates apparent mean sea temperature to calculated mean sky temperature.In situ measurements of relevant environmental parameters are essential for real-time EO systems performance assessment. Direct measurement of slant path extinction would be most desirable. This motivated a careful investigation of lidar (light detection and ranging) techniques including improvements to singleended lidar profile inversion algorithms and development of new lidar techniques such as double-ended and dual-angle configurations. It was concluded that singleended, single frequency lidars can not be used to infer slant path extinction with an accuracy necessary to make meaningful performance assessments. Other lidar configurations may find limited application in model validation and research efforts. No technique has emerged yet which could be considered ready for shipboard implementation.A shipboard real-time performance assessment system was developed and named PREOS (Performance and Range for EO Systems). PREOS has been incorporated into the Navy's Tactical Environmental Support System (TESS). The present version of PREOS is a first step in accomplishing the complex task of real-time systems performance assessment. Improved target and background models are under development and will be incorporated into TESS when tested and validated. A reliable assessment capability can be used to develop Tactical Decision Aids (TDAs). TDAs permit optimum selection or combination of sensors and estimation of a ship's own vulnerability against hostile systems.368

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Double-ended lidar technique for aerosol studies

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

On retrieval of lidar extinction profiles using Two-Stream and Raman techniques

On retrieval of lidar extinction profiles using Two-Stream and Raman techniques

<title>Lidar measurements of atmospheric constituents</title>

Marine atmospheric effects on electro-optical systems performance

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