Double‐duty caregivers: healthcare professionals juggling employment and informal caregiving. A survey on personal health and work experiences

Boumans, Nicolle P. G.; Dorant, E.

doi:10.1111/jan.12320

Cited by 50 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, we assess several work context features accounted for in previous double- and triple-duty caregiving studies (Boumans & Dorant, 2014; DePasquale et al, 2014), including average number of hours worked per week, company tenure (in years), and work-related injuries in the past six months (1=yes, 0=no). Given its positive associations with perceived stress and WFC among long-term care workers (DePasquale et al, 2014), we also consider psychological job demands with a three-item measure (e.g., job requires very hard work) from Karasek, Brisson, Kawakami, Houtman, Bongers, & Amick (1998); higher scores reflect more demands ( α =.72).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Triple-duty caregiving pertains to professional caregivers who informally provide sandwiched care, or care for children and older adults. The few studies considering the convergence of caregiving domains have consistently shown that double- and triple-duty caregivers report various decrements in well-being relative to professional caregivers without family caregiving obligations (referred to as workplace-only caregivers hereafter), including more stress, psychological distress, work-family conflict, physical and mental fatigue, and sleep deprivation (Boumans & Dorant, 2014; DePasquale, Davis, Zarit, Moen, Hammer, & Almeida, 2014; Scott, Hwang, & Rogers, 2006). Nearly all of this research, however, is based solely or predominately on women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Double- and Triple-Duty Caregiving Men: An Examination of Subjective Stress and Perceived Schedule Control

et al. 2016

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Based on the stress process model of family caregiving, this study examined subjective stress appraisals and perceived schedule control among men employed in the long-term care industry (workplace-only caregivers) who concurrently occupy unpaid family caregiving roles for children (double-duty child caregivers), older adults (double-duty elder caregivers), and both children and older adults (triple-duty caregivers). Survey responses from 123 men working in nursing home facilities in the U.S. were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. Results indicated that double- and triple-duty caregivers appraised primary stress similarly to workplace-only caregivers. However, several differences emerged with respect to secondary role strains, specifically work-family conflict, emotional exhaustion, and turnover intentions. Schedule control also constituted a stress buffer for double- and triple-duty caregivers, particularly among double-duty elder caregivers. These findings contribute to the scarce literature on double- and triple-duty caregiving men and provide practical implications for recruitment and retention strategies in the healthcare industry.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double- and Triple-Duty Caregiving Men: An Examination of Subjective Stress and Perceived Schedule Control

et al. 2016

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“…Existing research shows these nurses are at a higher risk of negative health effects (Scott et al . , Boumans & Dorant ). Such nurses are also more likely to work when they are ill (Boumans & Dorant ) and, on average, work more hours per shift than other colleagues (Scott et al .…”

Section: Background and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…). Accompanying older family members to medical appointments is common among nurses and impacts on their work availability (Boumans & Dorant ). Such nurses also experience compassion fatigue – defined as over‐identification with, and empathetic concern for, the care recipient resulting in a negative impact on one's emotional, physical and social health (Ward‐Griffen et al .…”

Section: Background and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nurses as family caregivers - barriers and enablers facing nurses caring for children, parents or both

Clendon

Walker

2016

J Nurs Manag

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“…both from the workplace and from family and friends outside the workplace). This study also did not consider how specific occupations, such as in the case of ‘double-duty’ caregivers, may modify the effect of work interruptions and social support (Boumans & Dorant, 2014). We were also unable to determine if caregivers had switched from full- to part-time work due to caregiving responsibilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressive social support buffers the impact of care-related work interruptions on caregivers’ depressive symptoms

Ang

Malhotra

2017

Aging & Mental Health

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Objective: To assess if expressive and instrumental social support from family and friends moderate the association of care-related work interruptions (e.g., leaving work for the older adult’s doctor appointment) with depressive symptoms among working family caregivers of older adults. Method: Data were from the Singapore Survey on Informal Caregiving (SSIC). A subsample of 662 dyads, each comprising an older care-recipient (home-dwelling Singaporean aged 75 and older receiving human assistance for at least one activity of daily living (ADL)) and his/her working family caregiver, was analysed. Caregiver depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Care-related work interruptions were scaled through the Mokken scaling procedure. Expressive social support was assessed using a scale by Pearlin and colleagues. Instrumental social support was based on the hours of ADL help provided to the care recipient by any family member or friend, on behalf of the primary caregiver. A linear regression model, with interaction terms, assessed expressive and instrumental social support as moderators of the association of care-related work interruptions with caregiver depressive symptoms. Results: More care-related work interruptions were associated with more caregiver depressive symptoms. And, this association was moderated by expressive, but not instrumental, social support. Conclusion: Our findings conform to previous qualitative work suggesting that caregivers’ mental health may not benefit from instrumental support, but from receiving expressive support instead. Initiatives for improving the care experience of working caregivers of older adults should focus on promoting expressive support from their friends and family.

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Double‐duty caregivers: healthcare professionals juggling employment and informal caregiving. A survey on personal health and work experiences

Abstract: Double-duty caregivers prove to be employees who are at risk of developing symptoms of overload. This finding calls for special attention, with long-term solutions at both legislative and organizational level.

Cited by 50 publications

References 38 publications

Double- and Triple-Duty Caregiving Men: An Examination of Subjective Stress and Perceived Schedule Control

Double- and Triple-Duty Caregiving Men: An Examination of Subjective Stress and Perceived Schedule Control

Nurses as family caregivers - barriers and enablers facing nurses caring for children, parents or both

Expressive social support buffers the impact of care-related work interruptions on caregivers’ depressive symptoms

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