Double Dutch: Polarization Trends in Amsterdam and Rotterdam after 1980

Kloosterman, Robert C.

doi:10.1080/00343409612331349788

Cited by 52 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The phenomena are well known: ghetto formation in cities, rising criminality rates, extremely high unemployment, a lost generation, sharpening local conflicts, and destruction of traditional community life in cities (cf. Borjas 1990;Burgers and Engbersen 1996;Kloosterman 1994Kloosterman , 1996Pahl 1984;Piore and Sabel 1984;Pinch 1993;Wilson 1988). Many countries have edicted in the mean time restraint policies in order to cope with the rising tide of foreign immigrants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Search of Ethnic Entrepreneurship Opportunities in the City: A Comparative Policy Study

Delft¹,

Gorter²,

Nijkamp³

2000

Environ Plann C Gov Policy

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The rapidly rising inflow of foreign migrants confronts policy-makers with many socio-economic problems. The negative externalities of uncontrolled immigration are well known and often hard to cope with. In recent years we have seen many policy initiatives based on self-reliance principles for ethnic groups. Against this background ethnic entrepreneurship has become a popular strategy, as it stimulates and encourages migrants to look after themselves with a limited support of the government. Such a policy becomes an increasingly important endeavour in many large cities. Besides the conventional educational support and training programmes, such a strategy would need to implement policy strategies aiming at self-employment. An emphasis on ethnic entrepreneurship seeks to exploit the economic potential and opportunities instead of focusing on the problems minorities encounter when entering the labour market. In ethnic entrepreneurship, this potential can be utilised in a creative way, especially if well-organised projects and initiatives are set up.In this paper, various assistance programmes and urban policies in several European cities aiming at favouring ethnic entrepreneurship will be systematically compared with the aim to draw lessons for effective labour market policies. The methodological approach will employ a systematic information base concerning selfemployment strategies in the cities under investigation. A newly developed comparative statistical method for categorical information, viz. rough set analysis, will be used in order to identify critical success factors. The results suggest that utilisation of social networks is most helpful to enhance self-employment among ethnic minorities. Finally, the paper offers some lessons for the establishment of socio-cultural and ethnic networks, for strategies for improving training and education and for improvement of access to facilities and financial resources. 1 Ethnic Entrepreneurship in a Multi-cultural SocietyModern societies are moving away from a stable social and established structure toward a state of fluidity in which mobility of people (commuters, migrants) tends to become a visual landmark. The action radius of spatial mobility is steadily increasing from the local or regional scale to national and global levels (Sassen 1991;Scott 1990). The current globalisation trend, which has only recently started, will mean an even more diffuse pattern of community life, in which complex network configurations seem to play a dominant role. It seems also plausible that uniformity in society will increasingly be replaced by diversity, so that future societies will be characterised by a 'multi-colour' composition with a great cultural, social, ethnic and religious variety (cf. Cross 1992;Esping-Andersen 1993;Massey and Denton 1993;Storper 1997).The above mentioned dynamics manifests itself in particular in cross-border migration (see Nijkamp and Spiess 1994;Gorter et al 1998). It should be recognised however, that international migration as such is not a ne...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Search of Ethnic Entrepreneurship Opportunities in the City: A Comparative Policy Study

Delft¹,

Gorter²,

Nijkamp³

2000

Environ Plann C Gov Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Neither of these de ators is suf cient alone, but together they give a proper picture of polarization/depolarization (cf. Handcock et al, 1994;Kloosterman, 1996, Hamnett & Cross, 1998. Medians do not re ect growth at the upper and/or lower level, whereas the general rate of in ation has a somewhat 'contingent ' character: in periods of pronounced wage in ation, there will be a disproportionate growth of workers in the top deciles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possibly for this reason, there is an increasing consensus that polarization is a redistribution of people or jobs, and not of income. Hamnett and Cross (1998), following the OECD and Kloosterman (1996), have summarized the point as follows:…”

Section: Concepts and Empirical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The OECD proposal (cf. Kloosterman, 1996) could easily be extended in such a direction, for instance by requiring some sort of antagonism between structurally opposed groups. But for the time being, analysing distribution characteristics, I will settle for a simple de nition based on numbers of people.…”

Section: Concepts and Empirical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is accomplished partly through economic redistribution and partly through a generous provision of welfare services such as health, education, housing, childcare and home help (cf. Hamnett, 1994a;Buck, 1986;Burgers, 1996;Hamnett, 1996;Kloosterman, 1996;Murie & Musterd, 1996;Fainstain, 1997;Hamnett & Cross, 1998;Murie, 1998;Andersen & Clark, 2001). A second claim relates to creation of jobs and industrial policies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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