Double-Differential FRaGmentation (DDFRG) models for proton and light ion production in high energy nuclear collisions

Norbury, John W.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2020.164681

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…New measurements by AMS‐02 (Aguilar et al., 2015a, 2015b; Aguilar et al., 2017; Aguilar, Ali Cavasonza, Ambrosi, et al., 2018; Aguilar et al., 2018a, 2018b) and PAMELA (Adriani et al., 2017; Martucci et al., 2018) have filled important measurement gaps in the available GCR observations, leading to direct improvements in related models (Slaba & Whitman, 2020). Important progress has also been made in the areas of nuclear physics (Norbury, 2021; Slaba et al., 2020; Werneth et al., 2021; Wilson et al., 2020) and radiation transport (Slaba et al., 2020; Wilson et al., 2014) that are vital for calculating GCR exposures behind shielding in the broad range of mission architectures being planned.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An intranuclear transport Serber model (Wilson et al., 2020) has been implemented to describe nucleon production for projectile energies below ∼300 MeV. The Double‐Differential FRaGmentation (DDRFG) model of Norbury (2021) based on coalescence scaling is used for light ions produced from light ion projectiles. A Relativistic Abrasion‐Ablation De‐excitation FRaGmentation (RAADFRG) model (Werneth et al., 2021) able to describe nuclear structure effects seen in experimental data can be optionally used in place of the default NUCFRG3 (Adamczyk et al., 2012) model for heavy ion fragmentation.…”

Section: Models and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, important advancements in nuclear physics (Norbury, 2021; Slaba et al., 2020; Werneth et al., 2021; Wilson et al., 2020) and radiation transport models (Slaba et al., 2020; Wilson et al., 2014) have been completed that contribute directly to astronaut risk projections for deep space missions. In particular, it has been shown that coupled pion‐nucleon interactions and the associated electromagnetic (EM) cascade make significant contributions to astronaut exposure behind spacecraft shielding (Slaba et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Historical Reconstruction of Astronaut Cancer Risk: Context for Recent Solar Minima

Slaba

2021

Space Weather

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Human presence in space is expected to push beyond low Earth orbit (LEO) in the coming years with missions planned to the Moon and Mars (www.nasa.gov/what-is-artemis). In the absence of solar storms, astronaut radiation exposure will come from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and accumulate proportionally with mission duration. Health effects from prolonged exposure to GCR have been extensively studied over the past several decades with significant uncertainties and knowledge gaps remaining in risk projections primarily due to lack of directly relevant human data and limited ground-based experimental data (Cucinotta et al., 2013; NASA 2013;Simonsen & Slaba, 2021).The GCR environment comprises a complex mixture of fully ionized and highly energetic particles capable of penetrating spacecraft shielding and producing a cascade of secondary particles such as neutrons. Hydrogen and helium ions account for 87% and 12% of the total GCR fluence by mass, respectively. The remaining 1% is covered by heavier ions with charge, Z, extending up to Z = 28 and beyond. The energy spectrum for each of these ions is quite broad with peak fluxes occurring just below 1 GeV/n and energies extending up to 1 TeV/n and beyond. GCR are modulated by the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) on an approximate 11-year cycle. During solar minimum, the HMF is suppressed, and the flux of GCR ions below ∼5 GeV/n

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Models and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Historical Reconstruction of Astronaut Cancer Risk: Context for Recent Solar Minima

Slaba

2021

Space Weather

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“…Due to the lack of data at the appropriate energies, simulations of space radiation effects have large uncertainties. The space research community has generally relied on phenomenological nuclear reaction models such as the Double Differential Fragmentation model (DDFRG) [479], which consists of a sum of multiple exponential distributions with parameters fit to data. Many of these models employ abrasion-ablation models [480,481] (where abrasion and ablation refer to particle removal in ion-ion interactions and nuclear de-excitation following abrasion, respectively) or semi-empirical parametrizations, see Ref.…”

Section: Space Exploration Radiation Therapy and Nuclear Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense Nuclear Matter Equation of State from Heavy-Ion Collisions

Sorensen¹,

Agarwal²,

Brown³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The space research community has had some successes with phenomenological nuclear reaction models. One notable example is the Double Differential Fragmentation model (DDFRG) [62] which has been fine-tuned to agree with measurements in the NUCDAT collection [48,49] mentioned above. Other models include NUClear FRaGmentation (NUCFRG) [63], which uses an abrasion-ablation formalism [64], and the self-consistent Relativistic Abrasion-Ablation FRaGmentation (RAADFRG) code [65].…”

Section: Reaction Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Data for High Energy Ion Interactions and Secondary Particle Production

Smith

Vogt

LaBel

2022

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Understanding the harmful effects of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) on space exploration requires a substantial amount of nuclear data. Specifically, the interaction of energetic GCR charged particles with spacecraft materials generates secondary radiations that, through energy deposition, can harm astronauts and electronic systems. By identifying the gaps in our knowledge of the relevant nuclear data -such as interaction cross sections -and identifying ways to fill those gaps -with measurements, compilations, evaluations, dissemination, reaction modeling, sensitivity studies, and uncertainty quantification -the safety and viability of space exploration can be improved. This work surveys the state of the art in this interdisciplinary field and identifies promising collaborative research topics that have significant potential to advance our understanding of the effects of the space radiation environment on space exploration.

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Double-Differential FRaGmentation (DDFRG) models for proton and light ion production in high energy nuclear collisions

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Historical Reconstruction of Astronaut Cancer Risk: Context for Recent Solar Minima

Historical Reconstruction of Astronaut Cancer Risk: Context for Recent Solar Minima

Dense Nuclear Matter Equation of State from Heavy-Ion Collisions

Nuclear Data for High Energy Ion Interactions and Secondary Particle Production

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