“…New measurements by AMS‐02 (Aguilar et al., 2015a, 2015b; Aguilar et al., 2017; Aguilar, Ali Cavasonza, Ambrosi, et al., 2018; Aguilar et al., 2018a, 2018b) and PAMELA (Adriani et al., 2017; Martucci et al., 2018) have filled important measurement gaps in the available GCR observations, leading to direct improvements in related models (Slaba & Whitman, 2020). Important progress has also been made in the areas of nuclear physics (Norbury, 2021; Slaba et al., 2020; Werneth et al., 2021; Wilson et al., 2020) and radiation transport (Slaba et al., 2020; Wilson et al., 2014) that are vital for calculating GCR exposures behind shielding in the broad range of mission architectures being planned.…”