2018
DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003256
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Double Cycling During Mechanical Ventilation: Frequency, Mechanisms, and Physiologic Implications*

Abstract: Double cycling is uncommon but occurs in all patients. Periods without double cycling alternate with periods with clusters of double cycling. The volume of the stacked breaths can double the set tidal volume in volume control-continuous mandatory ventilation with constant flow. Gas delivery must be tailored to neuroventilatory demand because interdependent ventilator setting-related physiologic factors can contribute to double cycling. One third of double-cycled breaths were reverse triggered, suggesting that … Show more

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Cited by 58 publications
(48 citation statements)
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“… 9 recently found that although the overall rate of ineffective inspiratory efforts as a percentage of total breaths was not associated with outcome even when it was greater than 10%, clusters of ineffective efforts were associated with prolonged MV and increased mortality, suggesting a dose effect. Similarly, double cycling can also occur in clusters, although the clinical importance of clusters of double-cycling events remains to be characterized 29 . Therefore, although the states with higher numbers of asynchronies do not last long, they are likely to have more clusters of asynchronies.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“… 9 recently found that although the overall rate of ineffective inspiratory efforts as a percentage of total breaths was not associated with outcome even when it was greater than 10%, clusters of ineffective efforts were associated with prolonged MV and increased mortality, suggesting a dose effect. Similarly, double cycling can also occur in clusters, although the clinical importance of clusters of double-cycling events remains to be characterized 29 . Therefore, although the states with higher numbers of asynchronies do not last long, they are likely to have more clusters of asynchronies.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to previous investigations 3 , 29 , the model was estimated with four states, z1–z4, that would match usual clinical judgement at the bedside. The state with the lowest number of events is z1 (very-low-risk state), representing good interaction with the ventilator with almost no asynchronies; states z2 and z3 are intermediate states (low-risk and high-risk states, respectively) with increasing mismatch between the patient and the ventilator; and z4 is the state with the highest number of events (very-high-risk state), where asynchrony is severe because the incidence of events is high and might lead to considerable patient distress and might increase the risk of ventilator-associated lung injury.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…No entanto, mais recentemente, alguns pesquisadores têm observado que a incidência de assincronias varia muito ao longo do período de ventilação mecânica e que elas tendem a ocorrer em agrupamentos ou "clusters" 5,11,12 , períodos de tempo relativamente curtos com alto IA. Um desses estudos, que utilizou a definição de "cluster" como período de 3 minutos com IA ≥ 50%, observou associação da ocorrência de pelo menos um "cluster" com prolongamento do tempo de ventilação mecânica e aumento da taxa mortalidade 11 .…”
Section: 40unclassified
“…Como descrito em estudos anteriores 5,12 Além disso, o corte de IA ≥ 10% para definir assincronia como clinicamente significante tem algumas limitações 11,12 e outros métodos para quantificar a assincronia podem ser necessários.…”
Section: Incidência E Tipos De Assincroniaunclassified
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