Double-blind, randomized trial of a synthetic triacylglycerol in formula-fed term infants: effects on stool biochemistry, stool characteristics, and bone mineralization

Kennedy, Kathy; Fewtrell, Mary; Morley, Ruth; Abbott, Rebecca; Quinlan, Peter T; Wells, Jck; Bindels, Jacques; Lucas, Alan

doi:10.1093/ajcn/70.5.920

Cited by 199 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

182

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The distribution of palmitic acid in the triacylglycerides has special interest, because studies carried out on term infants with infant formulas rich in palmitic acid esterified at the sn-2 position of the triglycerides showed higher levels of palmitic acid absorption than when palmitic acid is principally in the sn-1, 3 positions (Ló pez-Ló pez et al, 2001c; Nelson & Innis, 1999;Kennedy et al, 1999;Carnielli et al, 1996;Filler et al, 1969). Similar results had been obtained in preterm infants (Carnielli et al, 1995) and rats (Aoyama et al, 1996;de Fown et al, 1994;Lien et al, 1993;Renaud et al, 1995;Tomarelli et al, 1968).…”

Section: Fatty Acid Composition Of Infant Formulasmentioning

confidence: 74%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fatty acid and sn-2 fatty acid composition in human milk from Granada (Spain) and in infant formulas

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To investigate differences in fatty acid and sn-2 fatty acid composition in colostrum, transitional and mature human milk, and in term infant formulas. Setting: Departament de Nutrició i Bromatologia, University of Barcelona, Spain and University Hospital of Granada, Spain. Subjects: One-hundred and twenty mothers and 11 available types of infant formulas for term infants. Design: We analysed the fatty acid composition of colostrum (n ¼ 40), transitional milk (n ¼ 40), mature milk (n ¼ 40) and 11 infant formulas. We also analysed the fatty acid composition at sn-2 position in colostrum (n ¼ 12), transitional milk (n ¼ 12), mature milk (n ¼ 12), and the 11 infant formulas. Results: Human milk in Spain had low saturated fatty acids, high monounsaturated fatty acids and high linolenic acid. Infant formulas and mature human milk had similar fatty acid composition. In mature milk, palmitic acid was preferentially esterified at the sn-2 position (86.25%), and oleic and linoleic acids were predominantly esterified at the sn-1,3 positions (12.22 and 22.27%, respectively, in the sn-2 position). In infant formulas, palmitic acid was preferentially esterified at the sn-1,3 positions and oleic and linoleic acids had higher percentages at the sn-2 position than they do in human milk. Conclusion: Fatty acid composition of human milk in Spain seems to reflect the Mediterranean dietary habits of mothers. Infant formulas resemble the fatty acid profile of human milk, but the distribution of fatty acids at the sn-2 position is markedly different.

show abstract

Section: Fatty Acid Composition Of Infant Formulasmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Moreover, the location of palmitic acid in the sn-2 position in infant formulas improve the absorption of calcium in the small intestine (Lucas et al, 1997;Carnielli et al, 1996;Nelson et al, 1996) and results in a significantly higher whole-body mass (Kennedy et al, 1999).…”

Section: Fatty Acid Composition Of Infant Formulasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid and sn-2 fatty acid composition in human milk from Granada (Spain) and in infant formulas

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The products of hydrolysis of human-milk PUFA hydrolysis by gastric and pancreatic lipases are NEFA released from the PUFA sn-1 and sn-3 positions and sn-2 monoacylglycerols enriched in 16: 0 and 18 : 0 (Innis et al 1994). This unusual structure of human-milk PUFA is believed to be important because non-esterified 16: 0 and 18: 0 have melting points (about 63 C and 69 C respectively) that are considerably above body temperatures and readily form insoluble soaps with Ca and other divalent cations at the pH of the intestine, resulting in faecal loss of both fat and important minerals (Kennedy et al 1999). Whether in breast-fed infants the distribution of fatty acids in the plasma chylomicron PUFA with 16: 0 and 18 : 0 in the centre position also influences tissue n-6 and n-3 fatty acid delivery is not known.…”

Section: Milk Fat Synthesis and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human milk: maternal dietary lipids and infant development

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human milk provides all the dietary essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), as well as their longer-chain more-unsaturated metabolites, including arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and DHA (22:6n-3) to support the growth and development of the breast-fed infant. Human milk levels of LA have increased in Westernized nations from mean levels (g/100 g total fatty acids) of 6 to 12–16 over the last century, paralleling the increase in dietary intake of LA-rich vegetable oils. DHA levels (g/100 g total milk fatty acids) vary from <0·1 to >1% and are lowest in countries in which the intake of DHA from fish and other animal tissue lipids is low. The role of DHA in infant nutrition is of particular importance because DHA is accumulated specifically in the membrane lipids of the brain and retina, where it is important to visual and neural function. An important question is the extent to which many human diets that contain low amounts of n-3 fatty acids may compromise human development. The present paper reviews current knowledge on maternal diet and human milk fatty acids, the implications of maternal diet as the only source of essential fatty acids for infant development both before and after birth, and recent studies addressing the maternal intakes and milk DHA levels associated with risk of low infant neural system maturation.

show abstract

“…Cette diminution resulte d'une excretion fecale plus elevee de 16:0 sous la forme de savons insolubles (savons de calcium) apres sa liberation des positions externes des triglycerides par action de la lipase pancreatique. La perte fecale de calcium se traduit par une diminution significative de la mineralisation et de la densite osseuse chez le nourrisson (Kennedy et al, 1999). L'utilisation specifique de triglycerides de synthese renfermant preferentiellement du 16:0 en position interne (lipides structures) permet de retrouver les caracteristiques nutritionnelles du lait maternel (Kennedy et al, 1999).…”

Section: Abstract: Lipids In Infant Nutritionunclassified