A case of duplication of extrahepatic bile duct in association with cholelithiasis is presented. Precise preoperative recognition of this anomaly is extremely rare. Preoperative adequate appreciation of these anomalies of the biliary tree prevents surgeons from impairing the anomalous bile ducts, or from going astray, being faced with these anomalies at operation accidentally. KEY WORDS: duplication of extrahepatic bile duct in association with cholelithiasis, anomalies of the biliary tree, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. INTRODUCTION: Congenital anomalies of bile ducts are relatively common with reported prevalence of 15% based on surgical studies 1. Congenital extrahepatic duplication of biliary tract, however, is extremely rare with discussions primarily limited to sporadic case reports. Duplication of common bile duct, for instance has been reported in only 24 individuals, according to review of clinical literature over 500 year period upto 1986 2. Recognition of this is clinically important as it can lead to complication such as cholelithiasis ,choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, pancreatitis and upper gastrointestinal malignancies 3. In addition, this anomaly is often accompanied with anomalous union of panceatobiliaryductal system(AUPBD) and the presence of choledochal cyst 3. We present here a case of an elderly female patient who had duplication of extrahepatic bile duct along with colelithiasis. The anomaly was diagnosed intraoperatively which was postoperatively confirmed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) 5,6. Even in most of the earlier reported cases, these anomalies were found in dissecting room or at operation and correct preoperative diagnosis of this anomaly is extremely rare 5 .