Dosimetric commissioning and quality assurance of scanned ion beams at the Italian National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy

Mirandola, A.; Molinelli, S.; Freixas, G. Vilches; Mairani, A.; Gallio, E.; Panizza, D.; Russo, Stefania; Ciocca, Mario; Donetti, M.; Magro, Giuseppe; Giordanengo, S.; Orecchia, Roberto

doi:10.1118/1.4928397

Cited by 134 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The GAFCHROMIC (Ashland Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA) EBT, EBT2 and EBT3 radiochromic film models, are widely used for particle beams commissioning and QA procedures . On the other hand it is non‐negligible the decrease in response due to the high specific ionization of ions at Bragg peak …”

Section: Detectors For Absorbed Dose In Nonreference Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dose detectors, sensors, and their applications

Giordanengo

2018

Medical Physics

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This article is intended to present the different types of particle and radiation detectors available for applications in particle therapy. Several types of detectors and sensors exist for measurements of absorbed dose in reference and nonreference conditions and the ones in use for beam monitoring. Therefore, this manuscript focuses on the following applications: (a) primary methods for dosimetry in ion beams, (b) measurements of absorbed dose in realistic patient‐specific scenarios with different dose delivery configurations, and (c) beam monitoring. Water and graphite calorimeters, Faraday cups, ionization based gas detectors are described first, followed by the description of the protocols for proton and ion dosimetry. Then films, scintillator and solid‐state detectors are reviewed. Finally, several types of ionization chambers (large, pinpoint, arrays of chambers arranged in regular 1D or 2D pattern, parallel‐plate configuration with large integral electrodes or with anode segmented in strips or pixels, multi‐wire, and the multi‐gap prototype) have been considered. New beam monitors to deal with a wide range of intensity and pulsed beams expected from new accelerators, different dose fractionation and advanced delivery techniques are presented. The existing detectors available for particle therapy have been described taking into account the different requirements for devices used in reference and nonreference conditions and the ones designed for beam monitoring.

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Section: Detectors For Absorbed Dose In Nonreference Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that, especially at large depths, the Bragg peak chamber is not large enough to capture the whole laterally scattered dose . Therefore, the IDD curves have to be corrected by means of MC simulations …”

Section: Detectors For Absorbed Dose In Nonreference Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose detectors, sensors, and their applications

Giordanengo

2018

Medical Physics

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“…The work has been performed at CNAO (Centro Nazionale Adroterapia Oncologica, Pavia, Italy), 18 where the QA procedure is presently well established and based on Gafchromic films and a water phantom with a ionization chamber. 19 At CNAO hadrontherapy center a synchrotron based on the PIMMS (Proton-Ion Medical Machine Study) design 20 is used to deliver both proton and carbon ion beams. Patient treatments started with protons in September 2011 and with carbon ions in November 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality assurance of carbon ion and proton beams: A feasibility study for using the 2D MatriXX detector

et al. 2016

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Purpose: The quality assurance (QA) procedures in particle therapy centers with active beam scanning make extensive use of films, which do not provide immediate results. The purpose of this work is to verify whether the 2D MatriXX detector by IBA Dosimetry has enough sensitivity to replace films in some of the measurements. Methods: MatriXX is a commercial detector composed of 32×32 parallel plate ionization chambers designed for pre-treatment dose verification in conventional radiation therapy. The detector and GAFCHROMIC® films were exposed simultaneously to a 131.44 MeV proton and a 221.45 MeV/u carbon-ion therapeutic beam at the CNAO therapy center of Pavia -Italy, and the results were analyzed and compared. Results: The sensitivity MatriXX on the beam position, beam width and field flatness was investigated. For the first two quantities, a method for correcting systematic uncertainties, dependent on the beam size, was developed allowing to achieve a position resolution equal to 230 µm for carbon ions and less than 100 µm for protons. The beam size and the field flatness measured using MatriXX were compared with the same quantities measured with the irradiated film, showing a good agreement. Conclusions:The results indicate that a 2D detector such as MatriXX can be used to measure many parameters of a scanned ion beam quickly and precisely and suggest that the QA would benefit from a new protocol where the MatriXX detector is added to the existing systems.

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“…One of the available fixed horizontal beam lines was used. The GEMPix was placed inside a watertight PMMA box mounted on the 3D positioning system of the motorized water phantom routinely used for Quality Assurance (MP3-P, PTW Freiburg, Germany) [15]. In particular, the depth axis has a range of movement of more than 350 mm and a positioning reproducibility of ±0.1 mm.…”

Section: Experimental Setup At Cnaomentioning

confidence: 99%

3D energy deposition measurements with the GEMPix detector in a water phantom for hadron therapy

Leidner¹,

Ciocca²,

George³

et al. 2018

J. Inst.

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In this paper we present 3D measurements of the energy deposition by a clinical carbon ion beam in a water phantom. Conventionally, these measurements are performed with an array of ionization chambers and used for quality assurance. The spatial resolution is typically not better than 5 mm. We used the GEMPix, a gaseous detector with a highly pixelated readout and much better spatial resolution. The GEMPix was obtained by coupling a triple Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) to a quad Timepix ASIC with 512×512 pixels and 55 µm pitch. The Bragg curve, 2D images of the beam and a 3D reconstruction of the energy deposition are obtained from a single depth scan performed in approximately 15 minutes. A separate linearity check was also performed. The detector response is well linear and the measured Bragg curve is very smooth with uncertainties of a few percent. 3D energy deposition measurements in a water phantom with the GEMPix provide better spatial resolution than conventional devices. Systematic differences in the Bragg curve in comparison to the reference one are still too large for clinical use but work on several improvements is on-going.

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Dosimetric commissioning and quality assurance of scanned ion beams at the Italian National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy

Abstract: After successful dosimetric beam commissioning, quality assurance measurements performed during a 24-month period show very stable beam characteristics, which are therefore suitable for performing safe and accurate patient treatments.

Cited by 134 publications

References 60 publications

Dose detectors, sensors, and their applications

Dose detectors, sensors, and their applications

Quality assurance of carbon ion and proton beams: A feasibility study for using the 2D MatriXX detector

3D energy deposition measurements with the GEMPix detector in a water phantom for hadron therapy

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