Dose Standardization Studies of 'Indigenous Vaccine' for the Control of Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis in Naturally Infected Goats

Abstract

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection is most prevalent disease in Indian domestic livestock. Dose rates evaluation studies of 'indigenous vaccine' against Johne's disease (JD) were conducted in naturally infected goats. Adult female goats (29) of Barbari breed (>1.5 years) poor in body condition and suffering with clinical JD were randomly divided into four groups; Goats in group I (n=6) were given 1 mL of plane adjuvant (Gerbu Biotechnik, Germany) used in the vaccine preparation, Group II (n=7) and group III (n=8) goats were vaccinated with 2.5 mg/ml/goat and 5.0 mg/ml/goat dose rates of indigenous JD vaccine, respectively, Group IV (Control, n=8) goats were given 1 ml of PBS. Vaccinated goats were monitored for overall improvements on the basis of health (morbidity), mortality, production (body weights, reproductive efficiency), physical and clinical conditions (weakness, diarrhea, skin coat, deposition of fat in visceral organs), immunological parameters (ELISA titer) and status of shedding of MAP bacilli in feces. Average of body weights gained within one year of vaccination in four groups statistically passed normality test (P value >0.1) and vaccinated goats gained higher body weights as compared to adjuvant (Group I) and control (Group IV) groups. At 360 dpv, goats in group II (2.5 mg/ml) showed higher titer of antibodies as compared to group III (5.0 mg/ml), while it varied in control group (IV). After vaccination clinical condition of goats improved (diarrhea stopped, regeneration of hairs, body coat regained luster). Kids born to vaccinated goats had higher birth weights. Comparative evaluation of two dose rates on above parameters showed that group II goats gained higher body weights (3.10±0.52 kg) and their physical conditions also improved in comparision to group III. Dose rate of 2.5 mg/ml/goat exhibited higher efficiency against JD than 5.0 mg/ml/goat. Therefore, under optimum nutritional conditions, 2.5 mg/ml/goat dose of native vaccine was optimum for the control of JD in goats endemically infected with MAP. All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers

Recombinant Proteins based ‘rELISA’ Field Validation for Differential Diagnosis of Johne’s Disease in Goats

“…In absence of control programme in India, JD has emerged endemic in the domestic livestock population in the country. Vaccine is one of the most promising control strategies and many countries have reduced the significant disease incidence (Singh et al, 2014c;2015, Bastida andJuste, 2011;Stringer et al, 2014). In 2005, first time India has developed the 'indigenous vaccine' to control the JD in the goat farms (Jamunapari, Barbari, Jakhrana and Sirohi) located at CIRG, Makhdoom.…”

Nanotechnology Based Therapeutics, Drug Delivery Mechanisms and Vaccination approaches for Countering Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) Associated Diseases

“…Moreover, drugs may enter into food chain through meat and milk. In the absence of control measures the prevalence of the disease has been increased over the years (Singh et al, 2014). Therefore, a treatment option of JD is required that is cheap and safe in terms of food safety for humans.…”

“…Vaccination for JD is at present the most reliable preventive and therapeutic approach for controlling the disease (Singh et al, 2014). Both live and killed vaccines have been used (Singh et al, 2014).…”

“…Both live and killed vaccines have been used (Singh et al, 2014). Adjuvants are added to the MAP vaccines, which are used as continuous stimulation agents of antigen for immune system (Bastida and Juste, 2011).…”

“…Adjuvants are added to the MAP vaccines, which are used as continuous stimulation agents of antigen for immune system (Bastida and Juste, 2011). Our group is preparing vaccine using GERBU adjuvant (Singh et al, 2014). The GERBU adjuvant formulation consists of two factors, cationic nanoparticles in a colloidal suspension and immunomodulator derived from Lactobacillus bulgaricus cell wall.…”