Dose-response relationships between copper and its biocompatibility/antibacterial activities

Antibacterial and Osteogenic Functionalization of Titanium With Silicon/Copper-Doped High-Energy Shot Peening-Assisted Micro-Arc Oxidation Technique

“…Therefore, Si3 (also named as Si-MAO) were selected to further prepare the target Si/Cu-doped materials. After adding different concentrations of Cu 2+ to Si3, the biological activity of target samples was Cu 2+ concentration-dependent (increasing at first and then decreasing, Figure 1B ), which was consistent with previous studies ( Cao et al, 2012 ; Li K. et al, 2019 ). Since the main reason for adding Cu 2+ was to endow titanium with excellent antibacterial properties, Si/Cu2 (also named as Si/Cu-MAO) with similar bioactivity to Si-MAO was selected for follow-up studies.…”

“…Dong et al also claimed that SiO 3 2– could promote the Col I and OCN synthesis of MSCs by activating the BMP-2/Smad1/5/RUNX2 signaling pathway ( Dong et al, 2016 ). Although Cu 2+ also had superior biocompatibility, they were very dose-dependent ( Lin et al, 2016 ; Li K. et al, 2019 ). High concentrations of Cu 2+ would lead to significant cytotoxicity through the oxidative stress pathway ( Cao et al, 2012 ; Li K. et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Although Cu 2+ also had superior biocompatibility, they were very dose-dependent ( Lin et al, 2016 ; Li K. et al, 2019 ). High concentrations of Cu 2+ would lead to significant cytotoxicity through the oxidative stress pathway ( Cao et al, 2012 ; Li K. et al, 2019 ). The release of Cu 2+ from Si/Cu-MAO was about 0.51 μg (∼8 μM) at the first day, which had been close to its safe concentration (∼10 μM) for MC3T3-E1 cells ( Li K. et al, 2019 ).…”

“…As an essential trace element, copper (Cu) is suitable for the development of antibacterial Ti implants due to its excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against fungus, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ( Macdonald et al, 2011 ; Xia et al, 2019 ). Other studies have also reported that application of Cu 2+ with the appropriate concentration (MC3T3-E1 cells: < 10 μM; human umbilical vein endothelial cells: < 222 μM) can enhance multiple biological properties, which include the promotion of cell proliferation and angiogenesis ( Shi et al, 2017 ; Huang et al, 2019 ; Li K. et al, 2019 ).…”

Effects of copper‐impregnated collagen implants on local pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory and regenerative tissue reactions following implantation in rats

“…A recent in vitro study found a comparable threshold Cu 2+ concentration for effective growth inhibition of two different bacteria strains but considerable differences in the Cu 2+ susceptibility of three different cell lines as expressed by cell inhibition ratio curves, with IC50 values ranging from 0.7 to 327.9 μM depending on what kind of cells were examined (Li, Xia, Qiao, & Liu, 2019). Other in vitro studies indicate a threshold of Cu 2+ of 0.125 mM or below for the cytotoxicity of CuCl 2 solutions on 3T3 fibroblasts (Hopp, Rogaschewski, & Groth, 2003), while a threshold of 0.5 mM for toxic effects of Cu 2+ on human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells was described (Burghardt et al, 2015).…”