Dose-Response Relationship of Neuromuscular Training for Injury Prevention in Youth Athletes: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: Youth athletes with intensive sports participation are at an increased risk of sustaining injuries. Neuromuscular training programs reduce sports-related injury risk in this population, however, the dose-response relationship is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of this meta-analysis was to identify the optimal frequency, volume, duration, and period of neuromuscular training to prevent injuries in youth athletes.Methods: Computerized database searches (PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, The Cochrane Library, PEDro) were conducted in January 2017, with search terms related to youth sports, neuromuscular training, and injury prevention. Eligible trials (i) evaluated a neuromuscular training program; (ii) included youth athletes of 21 years or younger; (iii) had an analytical design (RCTs, quasi-experimental, cohort studies); (iv) contained original data; (v) and provided injury data. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed quality of eligible studies. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) for lower extremity injuries were pooled meta-analytically, and moderator analyses examined the effect of training frequency, duration, volume, and period.Results: Data from 16 trials yielded an overall risk reduction of 42% with neuromuscular training (IRR = 0.58, 95%CI 0.47–0.72). Training frequencies of two (IRR = 0.50; 95%CI 0.29–0.86) or three times (IRR = 0.40; 95%CI 0.31–0.53) per week revealed the largest risk reduction, and a weekly training volume of more than 30 min tended to be more effective compared to lower volumes. Programs with 10–15 min (IRR = 0.55; 95%CI 0.42–0.72) session duration produced effects comparable to those with longer session duration (IRR = 0.60; 95%CI 0.46–0.76). Interventions lasting more than 6 months were not superior to shorter programs.Conclusion: This meta-analysis revealed that NMT performed in short bouts of 10–15 min, two to three times per week, with a weekly training volume of 30–60 min had the largest preventive effect for lower extremity injuries in youth athletes. These effects can be achieved within 20–60 sessions and training periods of <6 months. The present results are derived from a relatively small number of studies with heterogeneous methodological quality and should be treated with caution.The study was a priori registered at PROSPERO (CRD42016053473).

Strength and Conditioning for Adolescent Endurance Runners

“…The emphasis on ST activities throughout an athletes development is thought to maximize adaptations to inter-and intra-muscular coordination, during a period when neuroplasticity is high (64). Improvements in muscular strength and motor control during this period have also been shown to improve physical performance (10,46) and lower the risk of sustaining an injury (62,82). It is recommended that endurance training (and metabolic conditioning) is not emphasised, relative to other biomotor abilities, until late-adolescence (49), as typically this type of training is associated with high volumes of work, which may lead to injury or overtraining (54).…”

“…The inclusion of MST in the routine of adolescent distance runners is recommended, and is likely to reduce long-term injury risk (45,62,82). This form of conditioning is ideal to include as part of a movement preparation warm-up routine prior to running and ST sessions, or as an independent training unit (82).…”

“…The inclusion of MST in the routine of adolescent distance runners is recommended, and is likely to reduce long-term injury risk (45,62,82). This form of conditioning is ideal to include as part of a movement preparation warm-up routine prior to running and ST sessions, or as an independent training unit (82). MST should include activities to enhance both general (fundamental) and specific (runningrelated) movement skill and control, balance and dynamic stability, and low-level resistance training targeting specific muscle groups, such as the gluteals (37).…”

“…Therefore, specialization in endurance running should not occur until late-adolesence, when a young athlete's body is sufficiently mature and well-conditioned to cope with the rigours of this type of training. Strength and conditioning (S&C) activities might contribute towards lowering the risk of injury in athletes (45,82), therefore providing sport-specific recommendations for this vulnerable population is important.…”

Neuromuskuläres Training zur Verletzungsprävention im Kinder- und Jugendsport

“…Bei zwei Einheiten pro Woche waren die Effekte nahezu maximal. Steib et al [6] untersuchten im Rahmen einer Metaanalyse Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehungen und stellten ebenfalls fest, dass kurze Einheiten (10-15 min, z. B. als Aufwärmprogramm durchgeführt), die 2-3 Mal pro Woche durchgeführt werden, den größten präventiven Effekt im Hinblick auf Verletzungen der unteren Extremitäten bei jungen Athleten zeigen.…”