Dose–response relationship between intensity of exercise and cognitive performance in individuals with Down syndrome: a preliminary study

Chen, C.-C.; Ringenbach, Shannon

doi:10.1111/jir.12258

Cited by 34 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As a result, once this acute bout of exercise could be performed more regularly, it could result in long‐lasting improvement in individuals with DS. In addition, consistent with the findings in Chen and Ringenbach (), it appears that the intensity of exercise can be considered as the moderator in the association between acute exercise and semantic fluency in people with DS. However, Boer () examined the validity of regression equation developed by Fernhall et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…), cognitive planning (Ringenbach et al . ) and attention shifting and inhibitory control (Chen & Ringenbach ). The current study would add semantic fluency task to this list of topics that were explored in individuals with DS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The result of the verbal fluency test was the sum of the correct words listed across four categories. The present study was part of the project to explore the dose–response relationship between acute exercise and cognitive function in individuals with DS (Chen & Ringenbach ). The letters and topics used in the fluency tasks were not counterbalanced.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of acute exercise on the performance of verbal fluency in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome: a pilot study

Chen

Ringenbach

2019

J intellect Disabil Res

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Background The high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction is well documented in individuals with Down syndrome. However, only a few studies have focused on the effect of exercise on cognitive performance in this population. In particular, verbal fluency has been shown to be relevant to the early onset of Alzheimer's disease in individuals with Down syndrome. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating the relationship between acute exercise and verbal fluency in this population. Methods It was a pre-post design. Twenty-eight participants (aged 14-31) were assigned to highintensity exercise (i.e. 70-85% of predicted maximum heart rate) (N = 8), moderate-intensity exercise (i.e. 50-69% of predicted maximum heart rate) (N = 10) or attentional control (N = 10) groups. Two exercise groups walked on a treadmill using an incremental walking protocol, and the attentional control group watched a video for 20 min. Measures of verbal fluency (i.e. semantic fluency and phonetic fluency) were tested pre-intervention and post-intervention. Results The result showed a quadric trend between semantic fluency and intensity of exercise. The improvement in cognitive performance on semantic fluency test was observed in the moderate-intensity exercise. However, neither a linear trend nor a quadric trend was seen in phonetic fluency. Conclusions The result showed an inverted-U relationship between exercise intensity and semantic fluency. A larger sample size, testing time and more reliable psychophysiological measures (e.g. VO 2 max and neuroimaging technology), should be considered to explore the underlying mechanisms in this population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of acute exercise on the performance of verbal fluency in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome: a pilot study

Chen

Ringenbach

2019

J intellect Disabil Res

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“…For instance, individuals with DS are often capable of walking and jumping, as well as fine motor skills and manual dexterity. Examples of functional motor development can be seen when special teaching strategies are implemented [19][20][21][22][23][24]. This demonstrates that individuals with DS are at least somewhat able to adapt to their motor impairments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of Biological Motion Speed in Individuals with Down Syndrome

Tolentino-Castro¹,

Riddell²,

Wagner³

2017

J Down Syndr Chr Abnorm

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IntroductionAction and perception are two inherently linked aspects of human behavior that allow us to understand and interact with our surroundings. The interplay between action production and perception enables humans to act in a number of highly demanding situation such as unusual, novel or unstable environments [1]. Babies interact with their environment in a myriad of different ways such as imitation, selfmotion and observing the examples of others [2][3][4]. These interactions serve to shape not only their knowledge about the world, but also their understanding of the functionality of their bodies.Action performance interacts with action perception, and viceversa. This is reflected in the brain, as both performing and perceiving actions activate similar cortical areas [5]. Previous research has revealed significant interactions between action perception and action execution, and studies have shown that action perception can interfere with action execution reciprocally [6][7][8]. It is particularly insightful to study such interactions in populations with abnormal skeleto-muscular and/or neural development, as in these populations the brain may have adapted differently to handle physical differences, which in turn may influence how affected individuals interact with their surroundings. For example Sinha et al. [9] have shown that individuals with autism spectrum disorder, adapt their sensory input atypically, resulting in diverse behavioral traits. Down Syndrome (DS) is one of the most common genetic disorders (14 per 10 000 live births) caused by the presence of a complete or partial third copy of chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21) [10]. DS is a genetic change that impacts not only intellectual ability, but also motor development and motor control over the lifetime [11,12]. Abnormal brain functioning related to learning has been reveled in a number of studies [13][14][15][16]. In addition to neurodevelopmental abnormalities, corporal abnormalities are also common in DS. These abnormalities are highly related to the impaired motor control of voluntary movements [11,17].Children with DS require more time to learn basic movements. Additionally, as movement complexity increases they achieve gross motor functions at an average age that is almost twice that of typically developed children [18]. However, despite delays in motor development and the control of voluntary movements, the DS population does not exhibit a complete absence of the production of gross motor skills. For instance, individuals with DS are often capable of walking and jumping, as well as fine motor skills and manual dexterity. Examples of functional motor development can be seen when special teaching strategies are implemented [19][20][21][22][23][24]. This demonstrates that individuals with DS are at least somewhat able to adapt to their motor impairments. In more realistic tasks, Latash [11,17] argue that, when confronted with an unexpected or unclear motion situation, individuals with DS choose to act slowly (bradykinesia) during the initiation ph...

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“…Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common genetic disorders associated with intellectual disability (Chen & Ringenbach, 2016). Individuals with DS typically have limitations in physical and motor functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Video Modeling to Teach Weight Lifting Techniques to Adults with Down Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Carter

Pennington

Ledford

2017

RAPCC

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Abstract:As adults with Down syndrome (DS) age, their strength decreases resulting in difficulty performing activities of daily living. In the current study, we investigated the use of video modeling for teaching three adults with DS to perform weight lifting techniques. A multiple probe design across behaviors (i.e., lifts) was used to evaluate intervention effectiveness. Data indicated variable effects across participants and lifting techniques. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Dose–response relationship between intensity of exercise and cognitive performance in individuals with Down syndrome: a preliminary study

Abstract: Future research is needed to examine with a larger sample size, and more physiological measures are necessary to explore the underlying mechanisms in the relationship between exercise intensity and cognitive performance in individuals with Down syndrome.

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

The effect of acute exercise on the performance of verbal fluency in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome: a pilot study

The effect of acute exercise on the performance of verbal fluency in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome: a pilot study

Perception of Biological Motion Speed in Individuals with Down Syndrome

Use of Video Modeling to Teach Weight Lifting Techniques to Adults with Down Syndrome: A Pilot Study

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