“…It is thought to play a significant role in the early stages of healing, at which time it induces the synthesis of other growth factors, such as IGF-I (Lynch et al, 1989). In vitro studies by Yoshikawa and Abrahamsson (2001) on PDGF have further demonstrated that this growth factor also plays an important role during tissue remodelling. PDGF was observed to stimulate both collagen and non-collagen protein production, as well as DNA synthesis, in a dose-dependent manner.…”
“…It is thought to play a significant role in the early stages of healing, at which time it induces the synthesis of other growth factors, such as IGF-I (Lynch et al, 1989). In vitro studies by Yoshikawa and Abrahamsson (2001) on PDGF have further demonstrated that this growth factor also plays an important role during tissue remodelling. PDGF was observed to stimulate both collagen and non-collagen protein production, as well as DNA synthesis, in a dose-dependent manner.…”
“…Maintaining tenocyte phenotype, while accelerating cell proliferation in the initial reparative phase, would be useful for aiding the initial tendon healing. Increase in collagen synthesis upon PDGF-BB addition has also been observed in a concentration-dependent manner, where the effect plateaued at a concentration of 20 ng/mL, which could be due to saturation of available cell receptors for certain growth factor (Costa et al, 2006;Yoshikawa and Abrahamsson, 2001). Typically, 5-100 ng/mL PDGF-BB have been used as supplementation in in vitro experiments (Table 1), offering only an idea for the dosage that might be used in delivery devices or experiments in vivo.…”
Section: Fibrin-based Delivery Devicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tenocytes, cultured for 14 d in 50 ng/mL of PDGF, showed a similar expansion trend compared to tenocytes cultured in 10 % FBS (control group) and a slight increase in total collagen content and gene expression of type I collagen. Younesi et al (2016) showed a decrease in Scx, tenomodulin and type I collagen gene expression in tenocytes cultured on collagen threads with immobilised PDGF-BB, in comparison to collagen threads only, but an increase in gene expression when compared to collagen gels.…”
Section: Fibrin-based Delivery Devicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies on tendon explants have shown results similar to cell cultures. Stimulated cell proliferation and collagen synthesis, upon PDGF-BB supplementation in the culture medium, were observed in intermediate and proximal intrasynovial flexor and extrasynovial peroneal tendon segments (Yoshikawa and Abrahamsson, 2001). On the other hand, Haupt et al (2006), in a study on equine tendon explant, reported different results regarding the effect of PDGF-BB.…”
Section: Fibrin-based Delivery Devicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cell proliferation ↑ Slight total collagen ↑ Tenomodulin, scleraxis, decorin expression ↓ Rabbit intrasynovial flexor tendon and extrasynovial peroneal tendon explants (Yoshikawa and Abrahamsson, 2001) 0.1-100 ng/mL Supplemented in serum-free culture medium 4 d…”
To promote and support tendon healing, one viable strategy is the use or administration of growth factors at the wound/rupture site. Platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), together with other growth factors, is secreted by platelets after injury. PDGF-BB promotes mitogenesis and angiogenesis, which could accelerate tendon healing. Therefore, in vitro studies with PDGF-BB have been performed to determine its effect on tenocytes and tenoblasts. Moreover, accurate and sophisticated drug delivery devices, aiming for a sustained release of PDGF-BB, have been developed, either by using heparin-binding and fibrin-based matrices or different electrospinning techniques.In this review, the structure and composition, as well as the healing process of tendons, are described. Part A deals with in vitro studies. They focus on the multiple effects evoked by PDGF-BB on the cellular level. Moreover, they address strategies for the sustained delivery of PDGF-BB. Part B focuses on animal models used to test different delivery strategies for PDGF-BB, in the context of tendon reconstruction. These studies showed that dosage and timing of PDGF-BB application are the most important factors for deciding which delivery device should be applied for a specific tendon laceration.
Current methods for tendon rupture repair suffer from two main drawbacks: insufficient strength and adhesion formation, which lead to rerupture and impaired gliding. A novel polymer tube may help to overcome these problems by allowing growth factor delivery to the wound site and adhesion reduction, and by acting as a physical barrier to the surrounding tissue. In this study, we used a bilayered DegraPol® tube to deliver PDGF‐BB to the wound site in a full‐transection rabbit Achilles tendon model. We then performed histological and immunohistochemical analysis at 3 weeks postoperation. Sustained delivery of PDGF‐BB to the healing Achilles tendon led to a significantly more homogenous cell distribution within the healing tissue. Lower cell densities next to the implant material were determined for +PDGF‐BB samples compared to −PDGF‐BB. PDGF‐BB application increased proteoglycan content and reduced alpha‐SMA+ areas, clusters of different sizes, mainly vessels. Finally, PDGF‐BB reduced collagens I and III in the extracellular matrix. The sustained delivery of PDGF‐BB via an electrospun DegraPol® tube accelerated tendon wound healing by causing a more uniform cell distribution with higher proteoglycan content and less fibrotic tissue. Moreover, the application of this growth factor reduced collagen III and alpha‐SMA, indicating a faster and less fibrotic tendon healing.
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