Dose optimization in nuclear medicine

Laßmann, Michael; Pedroli, G.

doi:10.1007/s40336-015-0154-7

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Neuroimaging procedures provide functional information in the brain through the injection of radiopharmaceuticals, which exposes the patient to ionizing radiation but not exceeding the dose level causing deterministic effects (1) . However, radiation dose to normal tissues should be maintained as low as possible to avoid potential stochastic late effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S Values for Neuroimaging Procedures on Korean Pediatric and Adult Head Computational Phantoms

Villoing

Lee

Choi

et al. 2019

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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Abstract Over the past decades, the application of single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography in neuroimaging has markedly increased. In the current study, we used a series of Korean computational head phantoms with detailed cranial structures for 6-, 9-, 12-, 15-y-old children and adult and a Monte Carlo transport code, MCNPX, to calculate age-dependent specific absorbed fraction (SAF) for mono-energetic electrons ranging from 0.01 to 4 MeV and S values for seven radionuclides widely used in nuclear medicine neuroimaging for the combination of ten source and target regions. Compared to the adult phantom, the 6-y phantom showed up to 1.7-fold greater SAF (cerebellum < cerebellum) and up to 1.4-fold greater S values (vitreous body < lens) for 123I. The electron SAF data, combined with our previous photon SAF data, will facilitate absorbed dose calculations for various cranial structures in patients undergoing neuroimaging procedures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S Values for Neuroimaging Procedures on Korean Pediatric and Adult Head Computational Phantoms

Villoing

Lee

Choi

et al. 2019

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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“…In both cases, however, a key role in dose management can also be played by innovative technologies, making this an important issue not only for nuclear medicine specialists, medical physicists, and technologists, but also for biomedical engineers and for industry [1][2][3]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The decay of positron emitters produces four times the amount of energy in photons than the decay of technetium-99 m does. The gamma ray constant of 511 keV annihilation photons is 1.81 μSv/h per MBq at 30 cm from an unshielded point source, while that of 140 keV photons is 0.26 μSv/h per MBq at 30 cm from an unshielded point source.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective and equivalent dose minimization for personnel in PET procedures: how far are we from the goal?

Lecchi

Malaspina

Sole

2016

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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Radiation dose limitation in patients undergoing nuclear medicine procedures is accomplished through adherence to the principles of justification and optimization, while radiation doses to operators are controlled mainly by reducing exposure times, using shielding, and increasing the distance from the source. In both cases, however, a key role in dose management can also be played by innovative technologies, making this an important issue not only for nuclear medicine specialists, medical physicists, and technologists, but also for biomedical engineers and for industry [1][2][3]. 1Whereas the quest to achieve effective dose optimization for patients, in accordance with the ALARA principle, is currently the focus of intensive research and technological development activity, the need to develop and implement new devices to reduce operator exposure to ionizing radiation seems to be a secondary concern. Twenty years ago, for the concerns raised by the radiation energy of the highly penetrating 511 keV annihilation photons, the first study of personnel dosimetry in positron emission tomography (PET) found that the effective radiation doses to technologists in PET centres (mostly carrying out 18 F-FDG studies) were within recommended occupational radiation protection guidelines [4], and since then, comparatively little attention has been paid to the problem of operator exposure.However, in view of the now constantly increasing number of PET procedures being carried out in centres around the world, the use of positron emitters is becoming a real and a growing occupational concern. In this regard, it needs to be appreciated, in particular by those working in nuclear medicine on a day to day basis, that PET requires different radiation protection strategies from those usually adopted in general nuclear medicine, for reducing both the effective and equivalent dose to the extremities below the acceptable levels.Despite the use of routine precautionary measures, including the use of dedicated hot-cells, occupational doses in PET are higher than they need to be in order to obtain good quality examinations. The physical properties of positron emitting radiopharmaceuticals and the optimization of patient doses are both factors that, in addition to the greater number of PET studies now performed, can result in unnecessarily high occupational doses if adequate radiation protection operational procedures for working with positron emitting radionuclides are not envisaged, explained and rigorously adopted across all PET units, in accordance with local conditions.There are in fact three sources of exposure that contribute to the total personnel exposure for a given PET study, keeping in mind that their burden can be shared among different operators: indeed, exposure occurs during i) the patient undergoing the procedure, ii) the vial during the dispensing of the radiopharmaceutical, and iii) the syringe during the injection of the radiopharmaceutical. 1 The decay of positron emitters produces four times the amount of energy in photon...

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“…Thanks to coordinated teamwork during the past 12 months we have published series of papers dealing with dose optimization [1], pediatric imaging [2], in vivo imaging of microorganisms [3], radioembolization [4], radioguided intervention [5], and prostate cancer [6]. Many other papers on other topics were also accepted.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and translational imaging: on a wave of progressive development

Lucignani

2016

Clin Transl Imaging

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Dose optimization in nuclear medicine

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

S Values for Neuroimaging Procedures on Korean Pediatric and Adult Head Computational Phantoms

S Values for Neuroimaging Procedures on Korean Pediatric and Adult Head Computational Phantoms

Effective and equivalent dose minimization for personnel in PET procedures: how far are we from the goal?

Clinical and translational imaging: on a wave of progressive development

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