Dose of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole To Treat Skin and Skin Structure Infections Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Cadena, José; Nair, Shalini; Henao-Martínez, Andrés F; Jorgensen, James H.; Patterson, Jan E.; Sreeramoju, Pranavi

doi:10.1128/aac.00706-11

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Another recent prospective observational study found no difference in outcomes among patients with MRSA SSTIs treated with TMP/SMX 2 DS PO twice daily vs. TMP/SMX 1 DS PO twice daily. 17 However, their patient population differed from ours both in the level of acuity (outpatient vs. inpatient care) as well as patient average weight/BMI (77e86 kg/ 28e30 vs. 101 kg/34). We further performed a subgroup analysis on TMP/SMX and clindamycin since: (1) these were the two most commonly prescribed oral antibiotics at discharge and (2) no pharmacokinetic data exists on their dosing in obese individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Risk factors for clinical failure in patients hospitalized with cellulitis and cutaneous abscess

Halilovic

Brown

2012

Journal of Infection

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Risk factors for clinical failure in patients hospitalized with cellulitis and cutaneous abscess

Halilovic

Brown

2012

Journal of Infection

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“…The high dose of TMP/SMX that was required for efficacy in this mouse model may be due the increased content of thymidine in mouse sera and tissues, which interferes with the activity of TMP (62). Since infected human tissues may also have increased thymidine levels, some studies have used high doses of TMP/SMX in treating CA-MRSA SSTIs in humans (37,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on previously published studies, mice were administered subcutaneous (to the flank skin) or oral (via gavage) therapeutic doses of vancomycin (110 mg/kg administered subcutaneously twice daily) (30, 31) (Novaplus; Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL), daptomycin (50 mg/kg administered subcutaneously daily) (32, 33) (Cubicin; Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lexington, MA), linezolid (60 mg/kg administered subcutaneously and orally twice daily) (34) (Zyvox; Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY), clindamycin (100 mg/kg administered orally three times a day) (35,36) (Cleocin phosphate; Pfizer, Inc.), doxycycline (100 mg/kg orally twice daily) (33), and TMP-SMX (320/ 1,600 mg/kg administered orally twice daily) (37,38). Linezolid was used at the same dose for subcutaneous and oral administration because of equivalent bioavailability when given via either route (39).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To compare the efficacy of commonly used oral antibiotics that are used for outpatient therapy of CA-MRSA SSTIs (12), clindamycin (100 mg/kg three times a day) (35,36), linezolid (60 mg/kg twice daily) (34), doxycycline (100 mg/kg twice daily) (33), TMP-SMX (320/1,600 mg/kg twice daily) (37,38), or sterile saline (sham control) were administered orally beginning at 4 h after USA300 LAC::lux inoculation and continued as indicated through day 7. Mice treated with oral linezolid had significantly decreased lesion sizes compared with sham control mice beginning on day 3, whereas mice treated with clindamycin or doxycycline had significantly decreased lesion sizes beginning on day 5 ( Fig.…”

Section: In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging To Measure Bacterial Burdenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging To Evaluate Systemic and Topical Antibiotics against Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Skin Wounds in Mice

Guo

Ramos

Cho

et al. 2013

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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c Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) frequently causes skin and soft tissue infections, including impetigo, cellulitis, folliculitis, and infected wounds and ulcers. Uncomplicated CA-MRSA skin infections are typically managed in an outpatient setting with oral and topical antibiotics and/or incision and drainage, whereas complicated skin infections often require hospitalization, intravenous antibiotics, and sometimes surgery. The aim of this study was to develop a mouse model of CA-MRSA wound infection to compare the efficacy of commonly used systemic and topical antibiotics. A bioluminescent USA300 CA-MRSA strain was inoculated into full-thickness scalpel wounds on the backs of mice and digital photography/image analysis and in vivo bioluminescence imaging were used to measure wound healing and the bacterial burden. Subcutaneous vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid similarly reduced the lesion sizes and bacterial burden. Oral linezolid, clindamycin, and doxycycline all decreased the lesion sizes and bacterial burden. Oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole decreased the bacterial burden but did not decrease the lesion size. Topical mupirocin and retapamulin ointments both reduced the bacterial burden. However, the petrolatum vehicle ointment for retapamulin, but not the polyethylene glycol vehicle ointment for mupirocin, promoted wound healing and initially increased the bacterial burden. Finally, in type 2 diabetic mice, subcutaneous linezolid and daptomycin had the most rapid therapeutic effect compared with vancomycin. Taken together, this mouse model of CA-MRSA wound infection, which utilizes in vivo bioluminescence imaging to monitor the bacterial burden, represents an alternative method to evaluate the preclinical in vivo efficacy of systemic and topical antimicrobial agents. C ommunity-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), such as impetigo, folliculitis, cellulitis, and infected wounds and ulcers, have been increasing for more than a decade and are creating a serious public health concern (1, 2). In particular, outpatient and emergency room visits for SSTIs have been estimated to result in 11.6 to 14.2 million ambulatory care visits per year in the United States (3, 4). In 2004 and 2008, CA-MRSA was identified as the most common cause (59%) of all SSTIs presenting to emergency rooms across the United States (5, 6). In these and other studies, the USA300 clone has been isolated in up to 90% of all CA-MRSA SSTIs in the United States (5-8). USA300 causes severe and necrotic SSTIs and often causes infections in otherwise healthy individuals without any known risk factors for infection (1, 2, 9).Uncomplicated CA-MRSA SSTIs, such as impetigo, infected abrasions, and folliculitis/furunculosis can be managed in an outpatient setting with oral antibiotics and/or incision and drainage (10-12). Typical oral antibiotic regimens used for CA-MRSA infections include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), a tetracycline...

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“…Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole can be used for the treatment of S. aureus infections such as uncomplicated SSTI [15][16][17]. Majority of our S. aureus isolates (77.1%) were sensitive to clindamycin, an important alternative to a beta-lactam antibiotic for S. aureus SSTIs [18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus Aureus Infections and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Ofulah

Vishwanath

Banerjee

et al. 2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: Staphylococcus aureus remains an important bacterial pathogen causing diverse infections which are both nosocomial and community acquired. Increasing resistance among S. aureus to various antibiotics is a cause of concern.Methods: A prospective observational study of 4 months duration was conducted to analyze the spectrum of infections caused by S. aureus and to study its antimicrobial resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Specimens from various clinical sites received in the laboratory for culture and sensitivity were processed as per standard techniques. Identification and susceptibility testing of S. aureus isolates were done using automated systems.Results: A total of 234 S. aureus isolates were obtained during the study period. Males accounted for 70.1% (n=164) of patients with S. aureus infections. These patients were uniformly distributed across all age groups. S. aureus was most commonly isolated from pus and exudates (64.5%) followed by respiratory specimens (20.5%) and mainly cultured from the skin and soft tissue infections (56%). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for 47% (n=110) of isolates. Higher rates of susceptibility were noted for tetracycline (95.3%), gentamicin (85.4%), and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (88%). Low susceptibility rate was seen for ciprofloxacin (11.2%). Inducible clindamycin resistance was seen in 22.4% (n=50) isolates. Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus isolates were found to be more susceptible to non-beta lactam antibiotics than the methicillin-resistant isolates. Conclusion:A high frequency of MRSA was found in our study. Regular surveillance of antimicrobial resistance profile of this most frequent pathogen is necessary to aid in providing appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy.

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Dose of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole To Treat Skin and Skin Structure Infections Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract: We undertook this study to investigate whether treatment with a higher dose of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) led to greater clinical resolution in patients with skin and soft tissue infections

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

Risk factors for clinical failure in patients hospitalized with cellulitis and cutaneous abscess

Risk factors for clinical failure in patients hospitalized with cellulitis and cutaneous abscess

In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging To Evaluate Systemic and Topical Antibiotics against Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Skin Wounds in Mice

Staphylococcus Aureus Infections and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile at a Tertiary Care Hospital

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