Dose-dependent transcriptome changes by metal ores on a human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line

Sun, Nina; Fastje, Cynthia D.; Wong, Simon S.; Sheppard, Paul R.; Macdonald, S.; Ridenour, Gary; Hyde, Juanita; Witten, Mark L.

doi:10.1191/0748233703th185oa

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This allows for a possible linkage between childhood leukemia and concurrent exposure to both tungsten and cobalt, but research directed more specifically at childhood leukemia is needed to evaluate the role of these metals. In one example, tungsten ore administered to preexisting human leukemia cells in the laboratory increased their growth by 170% compared with control samples over a 72-hr culture period (Sun et al 2003). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Variability of Tungsten and Cobalt in Fallon, Nevada

Sheppard

Speakman

Ridenour

et al. 2007

Environ Health Perspect

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BackgroundSince 1997, Fallon, Nevada, has experienced a cluster of childhood leukemia that has been declared “one of the most unique clusters of childhood cancer ever reported.” Multiple environmental studies have shown airborne tungsten and cobalt to be elevated within Fallon, but the question remains: Have these metals changed through time in correspondence with the onset of the leukemia cluster?MethodsWe used dendrochemistry, the study of element concentrations through time in tree rings, in Fallon to assess temporal variability of airborne tungsten and cobalt since the late 1980s. The techniques used in Fallon were also tested in a different town (Sweet Home, OR) that has airborne tungsten from a known source.ResultsThe Sweet Home test case confirms the accuracy of dendrochemistry for showing temporal variability of environmental tungsten. Given that dendrochemistry works for tungsten, tree-ring chemistry shows that tungsten increased in Fallon relative to nearby comparison towns beginning by the mid-1990s, slightly before the onset of the cluster, and cobalt has been high throughout the last ~ 15 years. Other metals do not show trends through time in Fallon.DiscussionResults in Fallon suggest a temporal correspondence between the onset of excessive childhood leukemia and elevated levels of tungsten and cobalt. Although environmental data alone cannot directly link childhood leukemia with exposure to metals, research by others has shown that combined exposure to tungsten and cobalt can be carcinogenic to humans.ConclusionContinued biomedical research is warranted to directly test for linkage between childhood leukemia and tungsten and cobalt.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Variability of Tungsten and Cobalt in Fallon, Nevada

Sheppard

Speakman

Ridenour

et al. 2007

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Such a connection requires direct biomedical testing. Nonetheless, given that childhood leukemia in Fallon is the "most unique cluster ever reported" (Steinmaus et al 2004) and that Fallon is distinctive environmentally by its elevated airborne tungsten and cobalt particulates, it stands to reason that additional biomedical research is warranted to assess the leukogenicity of airborne tungsten and cobalt (e.g., Fastje et al, 2009;Kalinich et al 2005;Miller et al, 2001;Radcliffe et al, 2010;Steinberg et al 2007;Sun et al 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-year Assessment of Airborne Metals in Fallon, Nevada, Using Leaf-surface Chemistry

Ridenour¹,

Witten²,

Sheppard³

2011

Air Quality Monitoring, Assessment and Management

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“…Such linkage requires direct biomedical research, which is at least supportable by the cooccurrence of exposure to airborne tungsten and a cluster of childhood leukemia [28, 30]. Tungsten has been evaluated for carcinogenicity, by itself [31, 32] as well as with other metals [33–36]. In general, this biomedical research has shown at least the possibility of linkage between exposure to tungsten and cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Size and Geography of Airborne Tungsten Particles in Fallon, Nevada, and Sweet Home, Oregon, with Implications for Public Health

Sheppard

Bierman

Rhodes

et al. 2012

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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To improve understanding of possible connections between airborne tungsten and public health, size and geography of airborne tungsten particles collected in Fallon, Nevada, and Sweet Home, Oregon, were compared. Both towns have industrial tungsten facilities, but only Fallon has experienced a cluster of childhood leukemia. Fallon and Sweet Home are similar to one another by their particles of airborne tungsten being generally small in size. Meteorologically, much, if not most, of residential Fallon is downwind of its hard metal facility for at least some fraction of time at the annual scale, whereas little of residential Sweet Home is downwind of its tungsten facility. Geographically, most Fallon residents potentially spend time daily within an environment containing elevated levels of airborne tungsten. In contrast, few Sweet Home residents potentially spend time daily within an airborne environment with elevated levels of airborne tungsten. Although it cannot be concluded from environmental data alone that elevated airborne tungsten causes childhood leukemia, the lack of excessive cancer in Sweet Home cannot logically be used to dismiss the possibility of airborne tungsten as a factor in the cluster of childhood leukemia in Fallon. Detailed modeling of all variables affecting airborne loadings of heavy metals would be needed to legitimately compare human exposures to airborne tungsten in Fallon and Sweet Home.

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Dose-dependent transcriptome changes by metal ores on a human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Temporal Variability of Tungsten and Cobalt in Fallon, Nevada

Temporal Variability of Tungsten and Cobalt in Fallon, Nevada

Multi-year Assessment of Airborne Metals in Fallon, Nevada, Using Leaf-surface Chemistry

Comparison of Size and Geography of Airborne Tungsten Particles in Fallon, Nevada, and Sweet Home, Oregon, with Implications for Public Health

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