Dose-dependent association of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with brain perfusion in aging

Zlatar, Zvinka Z.; Hays, Chelsea C.; Mestre, Zoé; Campbell, Laura; Meloy, M.J.; Bangen, Katherine J.; Liu, Thomas T.; Kerr, Jacqueline; Wierenga, Christina E.

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.110679

Cited by 34 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The benefit disappeared if the sitting period was prolonged. Zlatar et al (2019) confirmed that longer sedentary time was significantly associated with lower CBF in lateral and medial frontal regions, which confirmed the earlier work by Bailey et al (2013) showing that sedentary aging is associated with a longitudinal decline in CBF. Finally, the literature has persistently confirmed the positive impact of regular physical activity on CBF ( Kleinloog et al, 2019 ; Hartman et al, 2020 ; Maasakkers et al, 2020 ; Steventon et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Sedentary Lifestylesupporting

confidence: 88%

A Proposed Hypothesis on Dementia: Inflammation, Small Vessel Disease, and Hypoperfusion Is the Sequence That Links All Harmful Lifestyles to Cognitive Impairment

Hakim

2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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There is growing consensus that certain lifestyles can contribute to cognitive impairment and dementia, but the physiological steps that link a harmful lifestyle to its negative impact are not always evident. It is also unclear whether all lifestyles that contribute to dementia do so through the same intermediary steps. This article will focus on three lifestyles known to be risk factors for dementia, namely obesity, sedentary behavior, and insufficient sleep, and offer a unifying hypothesis proposing that lifestyles that negatively impact cognition do so through the same sequence of events: inflammation, small vessel disease, decline in cerebral perfusion, and brain atrophy. The hypothesis will then be tested in a recently identified risk factor for dementia, namely hearing deficit. If further studies confirm this sequence of events leading to dementia, a significant change in our approach to this debilitating and costly condition may be necessary, possible, and beneficial.

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Section: Sedentary Lifestylesupporting

confidence: 88%

A Proposed Hypothesis on Dementia: Inflammation, Small Vessel Disease, and Hypoperfusion Is the Sequence That Links All Harmful Lifestyles to Cognitive Impairment

Hakim

2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Zlatar et al for example found negative associations between SB and frontal CBF. 7 At the same time, regional CBF changes might also reflect changes in metabolism (i.e. neuronal function) and therefore be a marker of neurodegeneration instead of an underlying cause.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 5 Additionally, lower brain volumes were found for people who were highly sedentary compared to their low-sedentary counterparts, 6 as well as a negative association between SB and frontal cerebral blood flow (CBF). 7 Some of these studies however used subjective measures of SB, small sample sizes, or only looked at a single outcome measure. We therefore aim to generate a broad overview of the associations between objective SB and multiple structural MRI brain measures, using data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamic and structural brain measures in high and low sedentary older adults

Maasakkers

Thijssen

Knight

et al. 2021

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Due to its cardiovascular effects sedentary behaviour might impact cerebrovascular function in the long term, affecting cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms and perfusion levels. Consequently this could underly potential structural brain abnormalities associated with cognitive decline. We therefore assessed the association between sedentary behaviour and brain measures of cerebrovascular perfusion and structural abnormalities in community-dwelling older adults. Using accelerometery (GENEActiv) data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) we categorised individuals by low- and high-sedentary behaviour (≤8 vs >8 hours/day). We examined prefrontal haemoglobin oxygenation levels using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy during rest and after an orthostatic challenge in 718 individuals (66 ± 8 years, 52% female). Global grey matter cerebral blood flow, total grey and white matter volume, total and subfield hippocampal volumes, cortical thickness, and white matter hyperintensities were measured using arterial spin labelling, T1, and FLAIR MRI in 86 individuals (72 ± 6 years, 55% female). While no differences in prefrontal or global cerebral hemodynamics were found between groups, high-sedentary individuals showed lower hippocampal volumes and increased white matter hyperintensities compared to their low-sedentary counterparts. Since these structural cerebral abnormalities are associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease, future work exploring the causal pathways underlying these differences is needed.

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“…Moreover, during a continuously seated workday a midday dip in CBF velocity was seen in working adults [15]. In addition, a cross-sectional study in older adults found an association between higher amounts of daily life SB and lower CBF in frontal brain regions [16]. This reduced CBF contrasts with the idea that CBF is adequately maintained by the combined actions of the baroreflex system and cerebral autoregulation (CA) [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The short-term effects of sedentary behaviour on cerebral hemodynamics and cognitive performance in older adults: a cross-over design on the potential impact of mental and/or physical activity

Maasakkers¹,

Melis²,

Kessels

et al. 2020

Alz Res Therapy

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Background Sedentary behaviour might be a potential risk factor for cognitive decline. However, the short-term effects of sedentary behaviour on (cerebro) vascular and cognitive performance in older people are unknown. Methods We used a cross-over design with 22 older adults (78 years, 9 females) to assess the short-term hemodynamic and cognitive effects of three hours uninterrupted sitting and explored if these effects can be counteracted with regular (every 30 min) two-minute walking breaks. In addition, we investigated if low versus high mental activity during the three hours of sitting modified these effects. Before and after each condition, alertness, executive functioning, and working memory were assessed with the Test of Attentional Performance battery. Additionally, cerebral blood flow velocity (Transcranial Doppler) and blood pressure (Finapres) were measured in rest, and during sit-to-stand and CO2 challenges to assess baroreflex sensitivity, cerebral autoregulation, and cerebral vasomotor reactivity. Results No short-term differences were observed in cognitive performance, cerebral blood flow velocity, baroreflex sensitivity, cerebral autoregulation, or cerebral vasomotor reactivity across time, or between conditions. Blood pressure and cerebrovascular resistance increased over time (8.6 mmHg (5.0;12.1), p < 0.001), and 0.23 in resistance (0.01;0.45), p = 0.04). However, these effects were not mitigated by mental activity or by short walking breaks to interrupt sitting. Conclusions In older individuals, three hours of sitting did not influence cognitive performance or cerebral perfusion. However, the sitting period increased blood pressure and cerebrovascular resistance, which are known to negatively impact brain health in the long-term. Importantly, we found that these effects in older individuals cannot be mitigated by higher mental activity and/or regular walking breaks. Trial registration Clinical trial registration URL: https://www.toetsingonline.nl/. Unique identifier: NL64309.091.17. Date of registration: 06–02–2018.

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Dose-dependent association of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with brain perfusion in aging

Cited by 34 publications

References 74 publications

A Proposed Hypothesis on Dementia: Inflammation, Small Vessel Disease, and Hypoperfusion Is the Sequence That Links All Harmful Lifestyles to Cognitive Impairment

A Proposed Hypothesis on Dementia: Inflammation, Small Vessel Disease, and Hypoperfusion Is the Sequence That Links All Harmful Lifestyles to Cognitive Impairment

Hemodynamic and structural brain measures in high and low sedentary older adults

The short-term effects of sedentary behaviour on cerebral hemodynamics and cognitive performance in older adults: a cross-over design on the potential impact of mental and/or physical activity

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