“…Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques have become important disciplines to mine, analyze, and recognize patterns from data [12]. Now, AI techniques have been applied to various medical domains; for example, pulmonary diseases [46,47], cardiology [48,49], and brain surgery [50,51]. In Table 1 [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60], we summarize various models built using AI.…”