Dose- and time-dependent effects of clodronate on orthodontic tooth movement

Abstract

Orthodontic tooth movement is the result of bone remodeling that occurs in periodontal ligament and alveolar bone tissue as a response to mechanical loading of the tooth. The aim of this study is to investigate the time- and dose-response effects of locally administered clodronate on tooth movement. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 15 specimens: E1 - application of 10 mMol of clodronate in 3-day intervals; E2 - application of 2.5 mMol of clodronate in 3-day intervals; E3 - application of 10 mMol of clodronate in 7-day intervals; E4 - application of 2.5 mMol of clodronate in 7-day intervals. A 50 μL clodronate solution was injected into a subperiosteal area to the right maxillary incisor. The left maxillary incisor served as a control, with an injection of saline solution. In 3-day interval application regime, there was no effect of clodronate dosing on tooth movement. In 7-day interval application regime, decreased tooth movement was observed with 10 mMol compared with 2.5 mMol clodronate concentration. However, decreased tooth movement was also observed when 2.5 mMol of clodronate was applied in 7-versus 3-day intervals. Conversely, no difference was observed when 10 mMol concentration was applied in 3- versus 7-day intervals. When clodronate is applied subperiosteally in the root area, it decreases the tooth movement. Tooth movement is impeded by the higher clodronate dosing, as well as by shorter application interval even with lower dosing. The purpose of future trials should, therefore, be to determine a safe therapeutic dose/interval application of clodronate in humans and their potential side effects.

From an assessment of multiple chelators, clodronate has potential for use in continuous chelation

“…Recently, in the field of orthodontics, an in vivo study, employing injections of clodronate solutions around rat teeth, investigated the usefulness of the antiresorptive property of clodronate for augmenting anchorage (Nakas et al . ). Furthermore, clodronate itself possesses some antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Kruszewska et al .…”

“…Clodronate inhibits osteoclastic activity, and it is anti-inflammatory (Atula et al 2003), with both these properties being potential advantages for an endodontic irrigant. Recently, in the field of orthodontics, an in vivo study, employing injections of clodronate solutions around rat teeth, investigated the usefulness of the antiresorptive property of clodronate for augmenting anchorage (Nakas et al 2017). Furthermore, clodronate itself possesses some antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Kruszewska et al 2002).…”

Influence of bisphosphonates at orthodontic movement

“…Depending on the category of patient's risk (dose, route and duration of treatment with bisphosphonates), elective surgeries, dental extractions, surgery involving bone such as placing minis crews should be avoided, in addition to infections of dental and periodontal origin. 10,[15][16][17][18] If necessary the performance of invasive procedures, the physician should be consulted and the patient should be referred to a dental surgeon with experience in the area. 9 The use of bisphosphonates is not an absolute contraindication for the orthodontic treatment, especially for low-risk patients.…”

<p>Effects Of Triptolide On Tooth Movement And Root Resorption In Rats</p>

“…Several studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of pharmacological agents on OTM 3. A recent study found clodronate can arrest tooth movement following the dose- and time-dependent manners 4. Another study found parathyroid hormone could facilitate bone remodeling and accelerate tooth movement 3…”