Dose- and time-dependent effects of triamcinolone acetonide on human rotator cuff-derived cells

Abstract

ObjectivesTo investigate the appropriate dose and interval for the administration of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in treating tendinopathy to avoid adverse effects such as tendon degeneration and rupture.MethodsHuman rotator cuff-derived cells were cultured using three media: regular medium (control), regular medium with 0.1 mg/mL of TA (low TA group), and with 1.0 mg/mL of TA (high TA group). The cell morphology, apoptosis, and viability were assessed at designated time points.ResultsIn the low TA group, the cells became flattened and polygonal at seven days then returned to normal at 21 days. The cell apoptosis ratio and messenger ribonucleic acid expression of caspase-3, 7, 8, and 9 increased, and viability was reduced in the low and high groups at seven days. In the low TA group, apoptosis and viability returned to normal at 21 days, however, in the high TA group, the cell morphology, apoptosis ratio, caspase-3, 7, 8, and 9 and viability did not return by day 21. Re-administration was performed in the low TA group at 7-, 14-, and 21-day intervals, and cell viability did not return to the control level at the 7- and 14-day intervals.ConclusionA 0.1 mg/mL dose of TA temporarily decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis, which was recovered at 21 days, however, 1 mg/mL of TA caused irreversible damage to cell morphology and viability. An interval > three weeks was needed to safely re-administer TA. These findings may help determine the appropriate dose and interval for TA injection therapy.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:328–34.

The effects of high glucose condition on rat tenocytes in vitro and rat Achilles tendon in vivo

“…However, previous studies have demonstrated that primary tenocytes maintained phenotypical stability until passage 5 when passaged in subconfluence. 52 , 53 In the present experiments, cells were passaged at about 70% confluence and used by passage 3. 19 , 53 Isolation of cells from the native tendon was performed according to previously reported and accepted methods.…”

Effects of platelet-rich plasma and triamcinolone acetonide on interleukin-1ß-stimulated human rotator cuff-derived cells

“…10 Some studies suggest that PRP elicited both a local and a systemic inflammatory response following injection. 11,12 In this study, PRP had an anti-inflammatory effect in vitro . Steroid injection is an anti-inflammatory medication that reduces the inflammatory response of many painful conditions, including arthritis, tendinitis, and bursitis.…”

“…Moreover, we previously reported that the induction of apoptosis, change in cell morphology, and reduction in cell viability induced by TA 12 could be prevented by the combined treatment of TA and PRP to human rotator cuff-derived cells in vitro . 8 The mechanical weakness and histological changes induced by TA have been shown to be protected by the combination of TA and PRP injections in a rat Achilles tendon in vivo .…”

Platelet-rich plasma: Renewed scientific understanding must guide appropriate use

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