Dosage De l'AMIDON Dans Les Milieux Complexes

unclassified

Influence des ciliés du rumen sur la digestion de différents glucides chez le mouton. I. — Utilisation des glucides pariétaux (cellulose et hémicelluloses) et de l'amidon

Jouany¹,

Sénaud²

1982

“…We also attempted to determine the effect of inoculating each of these three genera on the composition of the rumen bacterial population. At the same time, we studied the dynamics of the ciliate populations in all the inoculated combinations Grain et al,1980 (Van Soest, 1963), starch (Thivend, Mercier and Guilbot, 1965) and Kjeldahl nitrogen (1975) were carried out in the diet and faecal samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rôle of the rumen ciliate protozoa Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Entodinium sp. and Isotricha prostoma in the digestion of a mixed diet in sheep

Jouany¹,

Zainab²,

Sénaud³

et al. 1981

Self Cite

Summary. Six rumen-fistulated and defaunated wethers were fed twice daily a pelleted diet of barley and dehydrated lucern at a rate of 50 g dry matter/kg body weight °-!5. Two months later, the sheep were divided into three equal groups. Each group was then inoculated in the rumen with one of the following three genera of protozoa : Polyplastron multivesiculatum (P), Entodinium sp. (E), or lsotricha prostoma (I). After two months, each group was subdivided and inoculated with an additional genus to obtain two sheep for each P + E, P + I and E + I combination. After an additional two months, two sheep were inoculated with a mixture of several genera to restore them to a conventional state. At the end of each of the four two-month periods, the total digestibility of organic matter (OM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), nitrogen (N) and fermentation in the rumen were measured.The P + E genera combination could not be obtained because E disappeared when the sheep were inoculated with the P species. However, these two genera can coexist in a rumen containing at least four different genera of protozoa.OM and ADF digestibilities were improved mainly by inoculating the P genus and, to a lesser extent, the E genus, but the effect of I was negative. N digestibility tended to be higher after ciliate inoculation, compared to the defaunated state. Furthermore, the pH in inoculated sheep was generally lower, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia levels were higher.The composition of the VFA mixture was strongly influenced by inoculation with the E genus : the propionic acid proportion increased at the expense of the acetic and butyric acid proportions. This result was confirmed by the lower CH 4/ C0 2 ratio observed in the rumen gas composition in sheep inoculated with the E genus. With P alone or with other ciliates, the butyric acid proportion increased. The rumen lactic acid concentration increased after inoculation with the I genus. In the conventional animals, fermentation patterns were similar to those observed in the P-inoculated animals but the differences increased and became significant.Of the three ciliates studied, the P genus had the greatest effect on the digestive parameters which were similar to those found in conventional sheep. This effect could be explained by the ability of the P genus to hydrolyse and ferment most carbohydrates and by its predatory action on bacteria and protozoa.Introduction.

“…Parmi les très nombreuses méthodes de dosage des oses et oligosides neutres, les plus courantes sont encore les méthodes chimiques qui n'ont pas évolué, mais dont certaines ont été automatisées (Tollier et Robin, 1979 (Jouany, 1972 ;Blakeney et al, 1983 (Thivend, Mercier et Guilbot, 1965 (Cuber, 1982 (Jarrige, 1961 ;Salo, 1965 (Thivend, 1979 ;Dechezlepretre, 1965). Leurs activités sont également fonction de l'espèce et de l'âge de l'animal (Kidder et Manners, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Digestion des glucides chez le monogastrique

Champ¹

1985