Dorsoventral Patterning in Xenopus: Inhibition of Ventral Signals by Direct Binding of Chordin to BMP-4

Piccolo, Stefano; Sasai, Yoshiki; Lü, Bin; Robertis, Edward M. De

doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80132-4

Cited by 1,026 publications

(624 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These are similar to Von Willebrand factor type C repeats found in the secreted BMP antagonist Chordin (Chrd) and its homologue in Drosophila, Short gastrulation (Sog; Francois et al, 1994;Sasai et al, 1994Sasai et al, , 1995. CHRD inhibits BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP4/7 heterodimers by direct binding and inhibition of BMP receptor activation (Piccolo et al, 1996). The Von Willebrand factor type C repeats in CHRD modulate this binding, and individual repeats can bind to BMPs with reasonable affinity (Larrain et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

In ovo electroporation of Crim1 in the developing chick spinal cord

Kolle

Jansen

Yamada

et al. 2002

Developmental Dynamics

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The novel mammalian gene Crim1 encodes a transmembrane bound protein with similarity to the secreted bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists, vertebrate Chordin, and its Drosophila homologue short gastrulation. Crim1 is expressed in the neural tube in mouse in a restricted pattern, but its function in central nervous system development is largely unknown. We isolated the chicken Crim1 orthologue and analyzed its expression in the developing neural tube. Chicken CRIM1 shares strong homology to human/mouse CRIM1 and C. elegans CRIM1-like proteins. Crim1 is expressed in a similar but not identical pattern to that in the developing spinal cord of mouse, including the notochord, floor plate, motor neurons, and the roof plate. Unlike follistatin, a secreted inhibitor of BMPs, in ovo electroporation of CRIM1, as a full-length transmembrane bound or secreted ectodomain was not sufficient to disrupt early patterning of the neural tube. However, ectodomain CRIM1 overexpression leads to an approximate 50% decrease in populations of specific ventral neuronal populations, including ISL-1 ؉ motor neurons, CHX-10 ؉ V1, and EN-1 ؉ V2 interneurons. Developmental Dynamics 226:107-111, 2003.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

In ovo electroporation of Crim1 in the developing chick spinal cord

Kolle

Jansen

Yamada

et al. 2002

Developmental Dynamics

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“…Isolation of sufficient material from specific anatomic regions was facilitated by the large size of Xenopus embryos, whereas the dorsalizing manipulations were only possible because of the accessibility of the early embryo and the large background knowledge of how such manipulations are carried out (Blumberg et al, 1991). Further biochemical studies that showed that both noggin and chordin proteins could bind BMP4 directly to inhibit its activity (Zimmerman et al, 1996;Piccolo et al, 1996).…”

Section: Morphogens In Vivo Part Ii: Fgfs and Bmpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphogen gradients, positional information, and Xenopus: Interplay of theory and experiment

Green

2002

Developmental Dynamics

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The idea of morphogen gradients has long been an important one in developmental biology. Studies with amphibians and with Xenopus in particular have made significant contributions to demonstrating the existence, identity, and mechanisms of action of morphogens. Mesoderm induction and patterning by activin, nodals, bone morphogenetic proteins, and fibroblast growth factors have been analyzed thoroughly and reveal recurrent and combinatorial roles for these protein growth factor morphogens and their antagonists. The dynamics of nodal-type signaling and the intersection of VegT and ␤-catenin intracellular gradients reveal detailed steps in early long-range patterning. Interpretation of gradients requires sophisticated mechanisms for sharpening thresholds, and the activin-Xbra-Gsc system provides an example of this. The understanding of growth factor signal transduction has elucidated growth factor morphogen action and provided tools for dissecting their direct longrange action and distribution. The physical mechanisms of morphogen gradient establishment are the focus of new interest at both the experimental and theoretical level. General themes and emerging trends in morphogen gradient studies are discussed.

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“…Next, we investigated effects of BMP-4 protein and its antagonist, Chordin, on the X. laevis intestinal remodeling by using the organ culture system established previously (Ishizuya-Oka and Shimozawa, 1991). Although there are more than seven known antagonists of BMP-4 in vertebrates (Balemans and Hul, 2002), we used Chordin to inhibit BMP-4 activity, because it binds BMP-4 with a high affinity (Piccolo et al, 1996). In addition, we previously identified a Xenopus homolog of Drosophila Tolloid closely related to BMP-1 (Tolloid/BMP-1), which is known to degrade Chordin (Piccolo et al 1997;Wardle et al, 1999;Blitz et al, 2000;Balemans and Hul, 2002), as a TH response gene in the X. laevis intestine (Shimizu et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%