Dorsal thermal necrosis in dogs: a retrospective analysis of 16 cases in the southwestern <scp>USA</scp> (2009–2016)

Schwartz, Stephanne L.; Schick, Anthea E.; Lewis, Thomas P.; Loeffler, Diana

doi:10.1111/vde.12519

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The severity of the skin lesions and rate of cell death due to solar‐induced thermal necrosis is directly proportional to both duration and intensity of solar exposure . The history of the cases supports this observation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Solar‐induced thermal necrosis of skin previously has been reported in a pig kept outdoors, exposed to high ambient temperature with no shade . In dogs, most cases occur with solar exposure of 1–6 h and temperatures exceeding 26.7°C . The condition also has been reported in recently shorn sheep during hot summers in Western Australia, although no histological description was provided…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In farm animals, most cases are due to fires, branding injuries and improperly used topical caustic substances . Dorsal thermal necrosis is an unusual condition characterized by solar‐induced thermal burn confined to pigmented skin along the dorsum . It has been reported on the dorsal black spots of a Dalmatian dog, in Dachshund dogs and other dark‐coated dogs, as well as in a Vietnamese pot‐bellied pig and in sheep shorn in summer in Australia .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solar‐induced dorsal skin necrosis in sheep

García

Romero²,

Uzal

et al. 2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background -Solar-induced thermal burns of dark skin over the dorsum have been reported in dogs, sheep and a pig.Objectives -This report describes an outbreak of solar-induced thermal burns over the dorsal skin of criollo and Texel sheep in Uruguay.Animals and methods -Cross-bred criollo and pure-bred Texel adult ewes from a flock of 80 animals presented with severe skin lesions. Eight animals were evaluated clinically and skin biopsy specimens were collected from three ewes for histopathology. Epidemiological data were collected.Results -Black/brown criollo sheep presented with extensive, wide, linear dorsal skin necrosis extending from the interscapular to the lumbosacral area. Necrotic skin was firm, dry and largely detached from the underlying subcutis. Nonpigmented Texel sheep showed milder lesions with rapid re-epithelialization and healing. Histological features were consistent with third-degree burns, characterized by full-thickness coagulative necrosis of epidermis and dermis, including blood vessels and adnexa. The cumulative incidence of the disease was 21% during the 30 days post-shearing, affecting 50% of criollo and 7.4% of Texel sheep (P < 0.001). Conclusions -The findings are consistent with post-shearing, sun-induced thermal burns leading to dorsal skin necrosis. Risk factors include sunlight exposure during hot months after shearing, dark skin and obesity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solar‐induced dorsal skin necrosis in sheep

García

Romero²,

Uzal

et al. 2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…The severity of a burn injury can vary according to the techniques used, being partly superficial or totally, according to the depth of the burn, [1,17]. In thermal burns, the skin can change in 48-72 h, and consequently hair starts to fall off or can be easily removed, principally in deeper burns [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the drugs previously administered, to the best of our knowledge, do not have studies indicating association cases of pharmacodermia. Another differential that must be evaluated is dorsal thermal necrosis caused by sunburn, principally if the patient is short-haired and dark colored [17], which was not considered in this case because the patient was not short-haired or exposed to the sun.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Burn by Termal Mattress - A Therapeutic Approach

Gorczak¹,

Valandro²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Burns are caused by a direct or indirect action of heat on an organism, compromising the functional integrity of the skin. Hypothermia is a common intercurrence in animals during the transoperative period; thermal mattresses are used to maintain the animal’s body temperature, but inappropriate use can cause the patient’s skin to burn. In humans, burns are quite common; however, in veterinary medicine, they are infrequent. The aim of this study was to describe a case of accidental burn in a canine caused by a thermal mattress, emphasizing wound treatment and analgesia used.Case: A 12-year-old male canine without defined breed weighing 15 kg underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomy due to rupture of a spleen mass and presented with intercurrence hypothermia during the anesthesia procedure, which was controlled using a thermal mattress. Ten days after the surgical procedure, he developed a skin lesion with erythema, suffusion, and necrosis, evolving skin displacement along the entire back with a lot of pain which was possibly caused by the use of a thermal mattress in the transoperative procedure. The intuited analgesic treatment involved the use of numerous and different drugs, including Methadone (0.3 mg/kg, QID, SC), Dipyrone (25 mg/kg, TID, IV), and Ketamine (0.5 mg/kg, TID, SC) (during hospitalization), as well as Tramadol (4 mg/kg, TID, PO) and Dipyrone (25 mg/kg, TID, PO) after medical release as support therapy. For the wound treatment, calcium alginate was initially used daily and subsequently changed for daily application of dermisana oil. The patient followed up weekly for approximately two months for wound monitoring as well as adjustments to the drug therapy. The would almost completely healed, but the patient showed a significant worsening in the general clinical condition correlated with the neoplasm that he had, and the owner and clinical staff of the veterinary hospital opted for euthanasia.Discussion: Hypothermia should be avoided as much as possible during anesthesia, as the body’s temperature is very important in homeostasis, in addition to being able to change the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of some drugs. The use of a thermal mattress to avoid hypothermia during the intraoperative period is a common and useful tool in veterinary routine, but should be used with caution and constant monitoring of the animal under general anesthesia to avoid skin burns which are not immediately noted. When diagnosed, the treatment should aim for wound healing and provide analgesia. Different pharmacological approaches can be used for this purpose, including topical therapies with different products that provide wound healing and regard to analgesia can be used for association of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as meloxicam, opioids like morphine and tramadol, and N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) blockers like ketamine for analgesia. Burn treatment is difficult but can have a favorable prognosis. In the present report, the conservative wound management using sodium alginate and dermisana oil almost completely cured the wound, and the canine responded positively to the analgesic protocol instituted with the association of different drugs. It is still important to highlight the attendance and commitment of the owner in the proposed treatment, as euthanasia, in this case, was due to the comorbidity presented by the patient.

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Environmental skin disorders

Coyner¹

2019

Clinical Atlas of Canine and Feline Dermatology

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Dorsal thermal necrosis in dogs: a retrospective analysis of 16 cases in the southwestern USA (2009–2016)

Abstract: Dorsal thermal necrosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs with dorsal cutaneous burns and a history of sun exposure in high external temperatures. Dogs with dark, short hair coats may be at an increased risk.

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Solar‐induced dorsal skin necrosis in sheep

Solar‐induced dorsal skin necrosis in sheep

Skin Burn by Termal Mattress - A Therapeutic Approach

Environmental skin disorders

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