Dorsal and ventral stream sensitivity in normal development and hemiplegia

Gunn, A; Cory, E; Atkinson, Janette; Braddick, Oliver; Wattam-Bell, John; Guzzetta, Andrea; Cioni, Giovanni

doi:10.1097/00001756-200205070-00021

Cited by 174 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The difference in adult levels of performance between monkeys and humans could be due to task differences, though we have often found monkeys' performance on motion-detection tasks to be superior to humans' (unpublished observations). The long, slow time course of motion-sensitivity development that we found is consistent with a study in humans showing continued improvement in coherence threshold up to about age 10 (Gunn et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Development of sensitivity to visual motion in macaque monkeys

Kiorpes

Movshon

2004

Vis Neurosci

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The development of spatial vision is relatively well documented in human and nonhuman primates. However, little is known about the development of sensitivity to motion. We measured the development of sensitivity to direction of motion, and the relationship between motion and contrast sensitivity in macaque monkeys as a function of age. Monkeys (Macaca nemestrina, aged between 10 days and 3 years) discriminated direction of motion in random-dot kinematograms. The youngest monkeys showed directionally selective orienting and the ability to integrate motion signals at large dot displacements and fast speeds. With age, coherence sensitivity improved for all spatial and temporal dot displacements tested. The temporal interval between the dots was far less important than the spatial offset in determining the animals' performance at all but the youngest ages. Motion sensitivity improved well beyond the end of the first postnatal year, when mid-spatial-frequency contrast sensitivity reached asymptote, and continued for at least 3 years. Sensitivity to contrast at high spatial frequencies also continued to develop beyond the end of the first year. We conclude that the development of motion sensitivity depends on mechanisms beyond the low-level filters presumed to limit acuity and contrast sensitivity, and most likely reflects the function of extrastriate visual areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Development of sensitivity to visual motion in macaque monkeys

Kiorpes

Movshon

2004

Vis Neurosci

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“…The magnocellular pathway is clearly implicated in motion perception, whereas the parvocellular pathway is thought to be more important for visual acuity and form. This would be consistent with the fact that spatial acuity and contrast sensitivity were normal for G.B., and the fact that previous research has shown that PVL patients tend to show a motion rather than a form perception deficit (Gunn et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Inversion of Perceived Direction of Motion Caused by Spatial Undersampling in Two Children with Periventricular Leukomalacia

Morrone

Guzzetta

Tinelli

et al. 2008

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Abstract& We report here two cases of two young diplegic patients with cystic periventricular leukomalacia who systematically, and with high sensitivity, perceive translational motion of a random-dot display in the opposite direction. The apparent inversion was specific for translation motion: Rotation and expansion motion were perceived correctly, with normal sensitivity. It was also specific for random-dot patterns, not occurring with gratings. For the one patient that we were able to test extensively, contrast sensitivity for static stimuli was normal, but was very low for direction discrimination at high spatial frequencies and all temporal frequencies. His optokinetic nystagmus movements were normal but he was unable to track a single translating target, indicating a perceptual origin of the tracking deficit. The severe deficit for motion perception was also evident in the seminatural situation of a driving simulation video game. The perceptual deficit for translational motion was reinforced by functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Translational motion elicited no response in the MT complex, although it did produce a strong response in many visual areas when contrasted with blank stimuli. However, radial and rotational motion produced a normal pattern of activation in a subregion of the MT complex. These data reinforce the existent evidence for independent cortical processing for translational, and circular or radial flow motion, and further suggest that the two systems have different vulnerability and plasticity to prenatal damage. They also highlight the complexity of visual motion perception, and how the delicate balance of neural activity can lead to paradoxical effects such as consistent misperception of the direction of motion. We advance a possible explanation of a reduced spatial sampling of the motion stimuli and report a simple model that simulates well the experimental results. &

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“…By 3 months of age, infants typically demonstrate visual sensitivity to translation direction (Wattam-Bell, 1994) and contraction (Shirai, Kanazawa, & Yamaguchi, 2006) in random dot patterns in which 50% of the dots move together coherently. Between the ages of 7 and 9 years, typical observers can detect coherent motion in random dot displays when approximately 20% of the dots move coherently (Gunn et al, 2002;Raymond & Sorensen, 1998;Spencer et al, 2000). By 10 years of age, typical observers demonstrate motion coherence thresholds that do not differ from adult thresholds (Spencer et al, 2000).…”

Section: Interpreting Apparently Divergent Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%