Dormancy Regulating Chemicals Alleviate Innate Seed Dormancy and Promote Germination of Desert Annuals

El‐Keblawy, Ali; Gairola, Sanjay

doi:10.1007/s00344-016-9640-z

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In the latter case, the seed is unable to germinate at all, while the seed coat related dormancy, whether innate or environmentally induced, can be broken by various means (Baskin and Baskin, 1998; Table 1). Nitrogenous compounds, like nitrate and thiourea, and growth promoters have been successfully implicated in breaking both the innate and environmentally imposed seed dormancy and promotion of seed germination (Aldasoro et al, 1981;El-Keblawy and Gairola, 2017).…”

Section: Seed Dormancy Break and Promotion Of Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiourea: A Molecule with Immense Biological Significance for Plants

Wahid

Basra

Farooq

2017

IJAB

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To cite this paper: Wahid, A., S.M.A. Basra and M. Farooq, 2017. Thiourea: a molecule with immense biological significance for plants. Int. J. Agric. Biol., AbstractThiourea, also chemically named as Thiocarbamide, is a nitrogen and sulfur containing compound. It has three functional groups, amino, imino and thiol, each with important biological roles. Thiourea is being increasingly used to improve plant growth and productivity under normal and stressful conditions. Use of thiourea as seed priming agent, foliar spray or medium supplementation is more effective under environmental stress than under normal conditions. When used as seed pretreatment, thiourea increased the seed germination; while application as foliar spray improved the gas exchange properties and when used as medium supplementation, it improved the root growth and its proliferation. This indicates that thiourea is more effective in the tissues where it is applied. Although to a differential extent, thiourea is effective in improving plant growth and development under drought, salinity, heat stress and heavy metal toxicity. At physiological level, it improves the leaf gas exchange, nutrient acquisition by the root and assimilation thereafter. At biochemical level, exogenously applied thiourea improves the sugar metabolism and enhances the proteins biosynthesis. At molecular level, thiourea application modulates the pattern of gene expression regardless of the stress applied. Signaling of gene expression is a likely mechanism induced by thiourea. In a nutshell, even though considerable advancement has been made in understanding the biological roles of thiourea in modulating different mechanisms in plants, thiourea needs to be explored further for its biological roles in plants than the relevant information available thus far.

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Section: Seed Dormancy Break and Promotion Of Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiourea: A Molecule with Immense Biological Significance for Plants

Wahid

Basra

Farooq

2017

IJAB

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“…Both abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) play an important role in the regulation of dormancy, and dormancy is controlled by a balance between ABA and GA [8]. The synthesis of ABA at radical blocks embryo growth, and the maintenance of dormancy requires the biosynthesis of ABA [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Methods for Breaking Seed Dormancy in a Wild Ornamental Tulip Species Tulipa thianschanica Regel

Wei

Zhao

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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The innate physiological dormancy of Tulipa thianschanica seeds ensures its survival and regeneration in the natural environment. However, the low percentage of germination restricts the establishment of its population and commercial breeding. To develop effective ways to break dormancy and improve germination, some important factors of seed germination of T. thianschanica were tested, including temperature, gibberellin (GA3) and/or kinetin (KT), cold stratification and sowing depth. The percentage of germination was as high as 80.7% at a constant temperature of 4 °C, followed by 55.6% at a fluctuating temperature of 4/16 °C, and almost no seeds germinated at 16 °C, 20 °C and 16/20 °C. Treatment with exogenous GA3 significantly improved the germination of seeds, but KT had a slight effect on the germination of T. thianschanica seeds. The combined treatment of GA3 and KT was more effective at enhancing seed germination than any individual treatment, and the optimal hormone concentration for the germination of T. thianschanica seeds was 100 mg/L GA3 + 10 mg/L KT. In addition, it took at least 20 days of cold stratification to break the seed dormancy of T. thianschanica. The emergence of T. thianschanica seedlings was the highest with 82.4% at a sowing depth of 1.5 cm, and it decreased significantly at a depth of >3.0 cm. This study provides information on methods to break dormancy and promote the germination of T. thianschanica seeds.

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“…For example, the glumes of wild emmer wheat contain abscisic acid (ABA) that enhance dormancy and promote tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses in the emerged seedlings, as well as growth promoting hormones, such as auxin, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid that can enhance germination, and seedling growth and development [8]. In addition, the exogenous application of nitrate and thiourea alleviated innate dormancy in seeds of several grasses including Sporobolus arabicus [24], Lasiurus scindicus [25], Centropodia forsskalii and Sporobolus spicatus [21], as well as Aristida adscensionis , Eragrostis ciliaris and Tragus racemosus [26]. Other studies [23,27] reported that nitrogenous compounds could terminate seed dormancy by enhancing levels of cytokinin and reducing levels of ABA, which is associated with enhancing innate dormancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, nitrate can act as a hormone that regulates the germination process through phytochrome [28]. Similarly, exogenous application of GA and kinetin ended dormancy in certain grasses including Eragrostis ciliaris [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Hardened Husks and Membranes Surrounding Brachypodium hybridum Grains on Germination and Seedling Growth

El‐Keblawy

Elgabra

Mosa

et al. 2019

Plants

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Several studies have assessed the function and significance of the presence of dead, hardened husks on germination and seedling growth in several grass species and reached to inconsistent results. Here, we assess the roles of husks (dead lemma and palea) and an inner membrane surrounding the grains on germination behaviour and seedling growth of Brachypodium hybridum, one of three species of the genetic model B. distachyon complex, in an arid mountain of Arabia. The interactive effects between temperature and the incubation light were assessed on germination of husked and dehusked-demembraned grains. Germination and seedling growth were assessed for different combinations of grain treatments (soaked and non-soaked husked, dehusked-membraned and dehusked-demembraned). Dehusked-demembraned grains were also germinated in different dormancy regulating compounds (DRCs) and light qualities (light, dark and different red: far red [R: FR] ratios). The results indicated an insignificant difference between husked and dehusked-membraned grains on final germination and the germination rate index (GRI), with the former producing significantly bigger seedlings. Removal of the inner-membrane resulted in a significant reduction in all traits. Soaking grains in water resulted in significant enhancements in germination and seedling growth of only husked grains. Husked-membraned and demembraned grains germinated more significantly and faster at lower rather than higher temperatures. None of different concentrations of several DRCs succeeded in enhancing final germination of dehusked-demembraned grains. Red-rich light significantly enhanced germination of dehusked-membraned grains in comparison to other light qualities. It could be concluded that the role of husks is to mainly enhance seedling growth, while the major role of the membrane is to increase final germination. The ability of red-rich light in enhancing the germination of dehusked-membraned but not dehusked-demembraned grains suggest a role for the inner membrane in regulating dormancy through differential filtering of light properties.

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Dormancy Regulating Chemicals Alleviate Innate Seed Dormancy and Promote Germination of Desert Annuals

Cited by 36 publications

References 47 publications

Thiourea: A Molecule with Immense Biological Significance for Plants

Thiourea: A Molecule with Immense Biological Significance for Plants

Practical Methods for Breaking Seed Dormancy in a Wild Ornamental Tulip Species Tulipa thianschanica Regel

Roles of Hardened Husks and Membranes Surrounding Brachypodium hybridum Grains on Germination and Seedling Growth

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