Dormancy in non-sporulating bacteria

Kaprelyants, Arseny S.

doi:10.1016/0378-1097(93)90600-7

Cited by 59 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…However, it has gradually become apparent that these so-called ' ultramicrobacteria ' (Torella & Morita, 1981) are mostly metabolically active and growing (Button & Robertson, 1989 ;Cho & Azam, 1988 ;Ishida & Kadota, 1981 ;Kaprelyants et al, 1993 ;Kirchman, 1993 ;Schut et al, 1993Schut et al, , 1997a. One of these so-called ' unculturable ' ultramicrobacteria, strain RB2256 T (l LMG 18877 T ), was successfully cultured and has been studied in recent years in considerable detail (see below).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphingomonas alaskensis sp. nov., a dominant bacterium from a marine oligotrophic environment.

Vancanneyt¹,

Schut²,

Snauwaert³

et al. 2001

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Seven Gram-negative strains, isolated in 1990 from a 10 6 -fold dilution series of seawater from Resurrection Bay, a deep fjord of the Gulf of Alaska, were identified in a polyphasic taxonomic study. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences and DNA-homology studies confirmed the phylogenetic position of all strains in the genus Sphingomonas and further indicated that all of the strains constitute a single homogeneous genomic species, distinct from all validly described Sphingomonas species. The ability to differentiate the species, both phenotypically and chemotaxonomically, from its nearest neighbours justifies the proposal of a new species name, Sphingomonas alaskensis sp. nov., for this taxon. Strain LMG 18877 T (l RB2256 T l DSM 13593 T ) was selected as the type strain.Keywords : Sphingomonas alaskensis sp. nov., identification, polyphasic taxonomy, marine ultramicrobacterium INTRODUCTIONMicrobiologists have been intrigued by the phenomenon of ' unculturability ' for over half a century, especially with respect to bacteria in the open ocean (MacLeod, 1985). This notion has now virtually reached the status of a dogma but is still based primarily on the common observation that often numerically dominant marine bacteria cannot be grown on agar surfaces (Austin, 1988 ;Jannasch & Jones, 1959 ;Kogure et al., 1979Kogure et al., , 1980Poindexter & Leadbetter, 1986 ;Roszak & Colwell, 1987 ; Schut et al., 1997a, b ; Van Es & MeyerReil, 1982). These studies all point in the same direction and indicate that by using agar-plate counts and isolation procedures usually less than 0n1 % of the total community that is observed by direct microscopy can be cultured. As a logical consequence of this situation, most of our knowledge on the physiological properties of marine bacteria is based on those species that are Abbreviations : FAS, filtered-autoclaved seawater ; FAMEs, fatty acid methyl esters.The EMBL accession numbers for the sequences determined in this work are AF145752 (1280 bp), AF145753 (1416 bp) and AF145754 (1428 bp), respectively.readily obtained in culture but which mostly belong to a minority of the total community. Culture-independent molecular techniques are now widely used to obtain a thorough understanding of the identity and nature of the bacteria comprising marine heterotrophic communities, because of their apparent unculturability. This approach has indeed indicated the existence of numerous possibly ' new ' and unusual uncultured bacteria (Amann et al., 1995 ;Britschgi & Giovannoni, 1991 ;Fuhrman et al., 1992Fuhrman et al., , 1993Giovannoni et al., 1990Giovannoni et al., , 1995Ho$ fle & Brettar, 1996 ;Mullins et al., 1995 ;Schmidt et al., 1991). The developments in the use of molecular probes for the detection of natural bacterial populations and for the analysis of genetic diversity within communities have revolutionized our approach in microbial ecology so much that they may create the impression that isolation and cultivation of naturally occurring bacterial strains might soon cease to be required. However, th...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphingomonas alaskensis sp. nov., a dominant bacterium from a marine oligotrophic environment.

Vancanneyt¹,

Schut²,

Snauwaert³

et al. 2001

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…SigF) related to the sporulation cascade in other bacteria, under stressful conditions [17][18][19] Dormant "noncultureable" bacilli can be "resuscitated" with phospholipids and a specific factor (Rpf) synthesised by growing bacilli [20][21][22][23][24] Experiments in animal models…”

Section: Experiments In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning an in vitro model of latency, KAPRELYANTS et al [20] distinguished three major physiological states of bacilli states: 1) viable (cultureable) bacilli that may divide (i.e. forming a colony on an agar plate or proliferate in liquid medium); 2) dormant bacilli with a low metabolic activity that are unable to divide without a preceding resuscitation phase; and 3) nonviable (noncultureable) bacilli that cannot divide.…”

Section: Experiments In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…forming a colony on an agar plate or proliferate in liquid medium); 2) dormant bacilli with a low metabolic activity that are unable to divide without a preceding resuscitation phase; and 3) nonviable (noncultureable) bacilli that cannot divide. KAPRELYANTS et al [20] did not consider the bacilli obtained by WAYNE and SRAMEK [21] as dormant because they maintained a high viability and developed sensitivity to metronidazole when anaerobic, thus indicating an active metabolism. Nevertheless, prolonged cultures in stationary phase induced a true dormancy, generating "noncultureable" cells that had to be "resuscitated" before resuming active growing [22].…”

Section: Experiments In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-latent bacilli

Cardona¹

2004

European Respiratory Journal

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On the nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-latent bacilli. P-J. Cardona, J. Ruiz-Manzano. #ERS Journals Ltd 2004. ABSTRACT: Mycobacterium tuberculosis-latent bacilli are microorganisms that adapt to stressful conditions generated by the infected host against them. By slowing metabolism or becoming dormant, they may counterbalance these conditions and appear as silent to the immune system. Moreover, the dynamic turnover of the infected cells provokes a constant reactivation of the latent bacilli when the environmental conditions are favourable, or an activation after being dormant in necrotic and fibrotic lesions for a long period of time. Since there is no in vivo nor in vitro evidence for quick resuscitation of dormant bacilli, the current authors strongly favour the possibility that latent tuberculosis infection can be maintained for no longer than y10 yrs, which is, nowadays, a time period very close to that considered for "primary" tuberculosis. This concept may also be helpful for newer epidemiological considerations regarding the real impact of reinfection in tuberculosis.

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“…Factors affecting the survival of allochthonous bacteria in sea water environments include: predation, osmotic stress, solar radiation, nutrient availability, temperature and growth phase of the bacteria of interest (Anderson et al 1983;Munro et al 1989;Gauthier et al 1992;Ahl et al 1995;Pommepuy et al 1996;Vasconcelos and Swartz 1976;Smith et al 1994). Determinations of bacterial survival are complicated by the observation that on exposure to the marine environment, many bacteria enter an altered physiological state termed viable but non-culturable (VBNC) (Elliot and Colwell 1985;Kaprelyants et al 1993;Roszak and Colwell 1987). This is commonly defined as the inability to form colonies on a given solid medium while remaining active by a direct viable count (DVC) method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in sea water and effect of exposure on thermal resistance

Bremer

Osborne

Kemp

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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. SM I TH . 1998. Survival, recoverability and sublethal injury of two strains of Listeria monocytogenes, Scott A and an environmental strain KM, on exposure to sea water at 12·8 or 20·8°C was determined using in situ diffusion chambers. Plate counts were used to assess recoverability and injury while 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) reduction was used to determine respiratory activity. T 90 values (times for 10-fold decreases in numbers of recoverable cells) on non-selective medium (trypticase soya agar with 0·6% yeast extract) at 12·8 and 20·8°C were 61·7 and 69·2 h for L. monocytogenes Scott A, and 103·0 and 67·0 h for L. monocytogenes KM, respectively. On selective medium (Oxford agar), T 90 values at 12·8 and 20·8°C were 60·6 and 56·9 h for L. monocytogenes Scott A, and 83·0 and 65·9 h for L. monocytogenes KM, respectively. With Scott A, the percentage of sublethally injured cells at 12·8 and 20·8°C was 1·7 and 17·7%, respectively, while for KM the values were 19·0 and 1·6%, respectively. The fraction of cells reducing CTC but which were not recoverable on plating progressively increased on exposure to sea water. Listeria monocytogenes KM challenged at 58°C showed an apparent increase in heat resistance after exposure to sea water at 20·8°C for 7 d (D 58 2·64 min) compared with before exposure (D 58 1·24). This increase in thermal resistance was not apparent at temperatures greater than 63°C, and analysis of the best-fit regression lines fitted to the thermal data obtained from the two cell populations indicated that their thermal resistance was not significantly different (P × 0·05) over the temperature range tested (58-62°C).

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Dormancy in non-sporulating bacteria

Cited by 59 publications

References 41 publications

Sphingomonas alaskensis sp. nov., a dominant bacterium from a marine oligotrophic environment.

Sphingomonas alaskensis sp. nov., a dominant bacterium from a marine oligotrophic environment.

On the nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-latent bacilli

Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in sea water and effect of exposure on thermal resistance

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