Dormancy breaking in Cornus sanguinea seeds

Falleri, E.

doi:10.15258/sst.2004.32.1.01

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Dogwood berries are drupes which turn white, red, blue or black when ripe [1,2]. Berries contain 1 or 2 seeds that have to undergo long-term stratification before they can be sown [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation and Correlation between the Physical Properties of Dogwood Seeds

Kaliniewicz

2020

Walailak J Sci & Tech

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Information about the physical properties of berries of selected dogwood species is available in the literature, but the basic physical traits of berry seeds have not been investigated to date. In this study, the terminal velocity, thickness, width, length, angle of external friction and mass of seeds of 11 dogwood species were measured. The measured parameters were used to calculate the geometric mean diameter, aspect ratio and sphericity index of each seed. The average values of the evaluated parameters were determined in the following range: terminal velocity - from 9.95 to 13.15 m s-1, thickness - from 3.31 to 5.02 mm, width - from 4.14 to 5.38 mm, length - from 4.33 to 11.55 mm, angle of external friction - from 9.97 to 29.85 ºC, mass - from 33.06 to 175.51 mg. The analyzed dogwood species were arranged in the following ascending order based on the geometric mean diameter of their seeds: Cornus macrophylla, Cornus alba, Cornus amonum, Cornus kousa, Cornus obliqua, Cornus controversa, Cornus walteri, Cornus sanguinea, Cornus florida, Cornus officinalis and Cornus mas. The seeds of Cornus alba, Cornus controversa, Cornus florida, Cornus kousa, Cornus macrophylla, Cornus mas and Cornus officinalis could be sorted with the use of mesh sieves with longitudinal openings, the seeds of Cornus macrophylla, Cornus sanguinea and Cornus walteri - with the use of mesh sieves with round openings, and the seeds of Cornus alba, Cornus macrophylla and Cornus obliqua - with the use of cylindrical graders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation and Correlation between the Physical Properties of Dogwood Seeds

Kaliniewicz

2020

Walailak J Sci & Tech

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“…But as germination requirements are species dependent, some species, such as C. sanguinea , only germinated under more fluctuating natural conditions. Indeed, C. sanguinea seeds require a warm phase to degrade their stony endocarp [ 45 ] followed by chilling at 3 °C for 8–12 weeks to break seed dormancy [ 46 ]. For R. canina , 11 weeks of warm stratification followed by cold stratification appears to be the most appropriate treatment [ 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endozoochorous dispersal by herbivores and omnivores is mediated by germination conditions

et al. 2020

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Background: Vertebrate-mediated seed dispersal is probably the main long distance dispersal mode. Through endozoochory, large mammals act as mobile links between habitats within and among forest patches. Along with other factors, their feeding regimes do affect their contribution as dispersal vectors. We conducted a cross-species comparative experiment involving two herbivores, red deer and roe deer; and two opportunistic omnivores, wild boar and brown bear, all occurring in the forest and steppe-forest ecotone habitats of the southeastern Caspian region. We compared their role as endozoochorous seed dispersal agents by monitoring seedling emergence in their dungs under greenhouse and natural conditions. Results: In total, 3078 seedlings, corresponding to 136 plant taxa sprouted from 445 paired dung sub-samples, under greenhouse and natural conditions. Only 336 seedlings, corresponding to 36 plant taxa, emerged under natural conditions, among which five taxa did not appear under greenhouse conditions. Graminoids and forbs composed 91% of the seedlings in the greenhouse whereas shrubs were more abundant under natural conditions, representing 55% of the emerged seedlings. Under greenhouse conditions, first red deer and then wild boar dispersed more species than the other two mammals, while under natural conditions brown bear was the most effective vector. We observed remarkably higher species richness and seedling abundance per dung sub-sample under buffered greenhouse conditions than we did under natural conditions. Conclusions: The four sympatric mammals studied provided different seed dispersal services, both in terms of seedling abundance and species richness and may therefore be regarded as complementary. Our results highlight a positive bias when only considering germination under buffered greenhouse conditions. This must be taken into account when planning management options to benefit plant biodiversity based on the dispersal services concluded from greenhouse experiments.

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“…It should also be noted that germination requirements are species-dependent. For example, Cornus sanguinea seeds, which did not germinate in the greenhouse, require a warm phase to degrade their stony endocarp (43) followed by chilling at 3°C for 8-12 weeks to break seed dormancy (44). In other cases, R. canina for instance, 11 weeks of warm stratification followed by cold stratification appears to be the most appropriate (45).…”

Section: Natural Versus Greenhouse Germination Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential and realised endozoochorous dispersal by herbivores and omnivores in a Caspian forest steppe area

Karimi

Hemami

Tarkesh

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Among other factors, feeding regimes of different mammals affect their roles as endozoochorous seed dispersal vectors. We thus conducted a cross-species comparative approach involving two herbivores, red and roe deer; and two omnivores and opportunistic frugivores, wild boar and brown bear, which occupy the forest and prairie-forest ecotone habitats of the south-eastern Caspian region. To compare their potential and realised endozoochorous seed dispersal, we used two different seed germination methods: controlled greenhouse and natural conditions. Results: Of the 136 plant taxa (3078 seedlings) recorded from the 445 paired dung sub-samples of both methods, only 36 taxa (336 seedlings) were recorded under natural conditions, among which five taxa showed no emergence in the greenhouse. Graminoids and forbs composed 91% of the seedlings in greenhouse but shrub species were more abundant under natural conditions (55% of emerged seedlings). Considering greenhouse condition, red deer and then wild boar dispersed more species than the other animals, while in natural condition brown bear was the most effective vector. We observed remarkably higher species richness and seedling abundance in the controlled greenhouse method than natural condition (P≤0.001). This difference may be related to dung sample preparation method or meteorological conditions in the field during our experiment. Conclusions: The studied sympatric vectors were shown to provide different seed dispersal services and may, therefore, be regarded as complementary. Our results provide evidence for the potential positive bias arising when only considering germination under controlled greenhouse conditions. Relativising the potential versus the realised endozoochorous dispersal of seeds by different mammals would help determine management options to maintain plant biodiversity. Keywords : Different germination methods, Mammal functional groups, Potential endozoochory, Realised endozoochory

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Dormancy breaking in Cornus sanguinea seeds

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Variation and Correlation between the Physical Properties of Dogwood Seeds

Variation and Correlation between the Physical Properties of Dogwood Seeds

Endozoochorous dispersal by herbivores and omnivores is mediated by germination conditions

Potential and realised endozoochorous dispersal by herbivores and omnivores in a Caspian forest steppe area

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