Dormancy and impotency of cocklebur seeds II. Phase sequence in germination process

Katoh, Hajime; Esashi, Yohji

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a075190

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The seeds of X. strumarium are rarely dormant, although they possess impermeable seed coat, which becomes permeable soon after seed dispersal. The mature 'burr' contains two seed, of which lower one germinates immediately after dispersal (after dry storage for some time), whereas the upper seed remains dormant until the testa is intact [38][39][40][41][42]. More than 80% of the seeds produced by X. strumarium are viable and exhibit high germination potential [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of environmental factors on seed germination of Xanthium strumarium L.: Implications for management

Saeed¹,

Hussain

Khan

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Xanthium strumarium L. (Common cocklebur) is a noxious weed prevailing in different ecosystems around the world. It incurs significant yield and economic losses in different cropping systems globally. Successful management of any weed species depends on sound knowledge of seed germination biology. However, detailed knowledge on seed germination biology of the species is missing. Therefore, we investigated the impact of different environmental factors on seed germination and seed burial depths on seedling emergence of two X . strumarium populations. The impact of different sorghum mulch doses (0–10 t ha -1 ) on seedling emergence of the tested populations was also explored. Seed germination was evaluated under different photoperiods (0, 12 and 24), constant temperatures (0–50°C with 5°C stepwise rise), and different levels of pH (3–12), salinity (0–600 mM) and osmotic potential (0 to -1.6 MPa). Seedling emergence was observed for seeds buried at different depths (0–15 cm). Seeds of both populations proved non-photoblastic; however, higher germination was recorded under 12-hour photoperiod. The seeds germinated under a wide range of constant temperatures (10–45°C), pH (4–10), osmotic potentials (0 to -0.8 MPa) and salinity levels (0–400 mM NaCl). However, the highest germination was observed under 30–31°C temperature and neutral pH (7.51–7.52). Seeds were able to withstand 400 mM salinity and -1.00 MPa osmotic potential. Seedling emergence was initially improved with increasing burial depth and then a sharp decline was noted for the seeds buried >3 cm depth. Most of the seeds of both populations did not emerge from >8 cm depth. Different sorghum mulch doses linearly suppressed seedling emergence of tested populations, and 5.83–5.89 t ha -1 mulch application suppressed 50% of seedling emergence. Seedling emergence was completely retarded with 8 t ha -1 sorghum mulch. The tested populations germinated under diverse environmental circumstances indicating that the species can become troublesome in marginal habitats and cropped lands. Deep burial of seeds and application of sorghum mulches suppressed seedling emergence. Thus, deep burial followed by shallow tillage and application of sorghum mulches could be used as a successful strategy to manage the species in agricultural fields. Nonetheless, management strategies must be developed to control the species in other habitats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of environmental factors on seed germination of Xanthium strumarium L.: Implications for management

Saeed¹,

Hussain

Khan

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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show abstract

“…It is well established that orthodox seeds lose their DT and become sensitive to extreme drying during the early stages of visible germination ( Koster et al., 2003 ; Bewley et al., 2013 ). The loss of DT is correlated with the start of cell division soon after radicle emergence.…”

Section: Subsections Relevant For the Subjectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic insights derived from re-establishment of desiccation tolerance in germinating xerophytic seeds: Caragana korshinskii as an example

Peng

Huang

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Germplasm conservation strongly depends on the desiccation tolerance (DT) of seeds. Xerophytic seeds have strong desiccation resistance, which makes them excellent models to study DT. Although some experimental strategies have been applied previously, most methods are difficult to apply to xerophytic seeds. In this review, we attempted to synthesize current strategies for the study of seed DT and provide an in-depth look at Caragana korshinskii as an example. First, we analyze congenital advantages of xerophytes in the study of seed DT. Second, we summarize several strategies used to study DT and illustrate a suitable strategy for xerophytic species. Then, based on our previous studies work with C. korshinskii, a feasible technical strategy for DT re-establishment is provided and we provide illustrate some special molecular mechanisms seen in xerophytic seeds. Finally, several steps to unveil the DT mechanism of xerophytic seeds are suggested, and three scientific questions that the field should consider are listed. We hope to optimize and utilize this strategy for more xerophytic species to more systematically decipher the physiological and molecular processes of seed DT and provide more candidate genes for molecular breeding.

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Two C2H4-producing systems in cocklebur seeds

Esashi

Ohhara

Kotaki

et al. 1976

Planta

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C2H4 production of the embryonic axes and cotyledons excised from dormant and non-dormant cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds was examined in relation to ambient O2 tensions. There were two kinds of C2H4-producing systems, quasi-anaerobic and aerobic, in both organs. Regardless of the organ, the former activity was high in the dormant state and, particularly in axes, declined with after-ripening. On the other hand, the latter activity was almost insignificant in the dormant state, but increased with release from dormancy and the non-dormant axes exclusively produced C2H4 through this system. In the cotyledons, however, the former was still predominant even after they were fully after-ripened. Thus, the C2H4-producing systems were different in the seed organ and in the dormancy state.

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Dormancy and impotency of cocklebur seeds II. Phase sequence in germination process

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

The influence of environmental factors on seed germination of Xanthium strumarium L.: Implications for management

The influence of environmental factors on seed germination of Xanthium strumarium L.: Implications for management

Mechanistic insights derived from re-establishment of desiccation tolerance in germinating xerophytic seeds: Caragana korshinskii as an example

Two C2H4-producing systems in cocklebur seeds

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