DORMANCY AND GERMINATION OF <i>FRAXINUS</i> SEEDS

Steinbauer, G. P.

doi:10.1104/pp.12.3.813

Cited by 45 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These observations indicate that embryos in mature achenes must undergo considerable development before they can protrude. This is similar to the case reported by Steinbauer (1937) and by Villiers and Wareing (1964) for Fraxinus spp., in which the embryo is morphologically complete when the mature seed is dispersed, but it grows within the seed before germination can take place. In Fraxinus, the dormancy is even deeper than in A. coronaria and even when the initial growth of the seedling within the seed is completed dormancy is removed only upon exposure to lower temperatures (Villiers 1972).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Role of Temperature, Light and Growth Regulators in Germination in Anemone coronaria L

Bullowa¹,

Negbi²,

Ozeri³

1975

Functional Plant Biol.

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The optimal temperature range for germination of achenes of the De Caen type of cultivated A. coronaria L. was 10-20°C. Continuous irradiation with white light retarded germination, particularly at supraoptimal temperature. The retardation was caused by the far-red component of the light. Blue light was inactive by itself but synergized with far-red. Gibberellic acid (GA,) promoted gerrnination only at supraoptimal temperature (2S°C). Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibited germination more at 20 than at 15°C. Rinsing the achenes with water completely removed the inhibition caused by 40 p.p.m. ABA. GA3 at a concentration of 100 p.p.m. partly overcame the inhibition caused by ABA.The growth retardants (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride and Amo-1618 12'-isopropyl-4'-(trimethylammonium chloride)-5'-methylphenyl piperidine-1-carboxylate] inhibited germination more at

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Role of Temperature, Light and Growth Regulators in Germination in Anemone coronaria L

Bullowa¹,

Negbi²,

Ozeri³

1975

Functional Plant Biol.

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“…[13]), useful information can also be obtained by examining physiological responses. Seeds of both ash species are known to exhibit dormancy, which is particularly long for F. excelsior (2 to 6 years) [23,27,28]. Following Nikolaeva [12], seeds of this species are characterized by an underdeveloped embryo and morphophysiological dormancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights in the recognition of the European ash speciesFraxinus excelsiorL. andFraxinus angustifoliaVahl as useful tools for forest management

et al. 2006

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-Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and narrow-leaved ash (F. angustifolia Vahl) are the most common ash species in Western Europe. The former is considered to be a highly valuable timber tree and contamination of its seed lots by the latter is strongly undesirable. We studied molecular, physiological and morphological characteristics that can help to detect the presence of F. angustifolia at the population level, either in seed and/or seedling samples, or in adult ash leave samples from natural or managed populations. First we developed two molecular markers, which correspond to a RAPD-SCAR marker and a nuclear microsatellite-derived marker. Results indicate that these markers are almost specific to one or the other species for a set of populations sampled across Europe. Second, first year dormancy was studied using germination tests without stratification. F. excelsior seeds did not germinate at all, while germinations were observed in samples of F. angustifolia and introgressed populations after 16 weeks. In addition, F. angustifolia embryo/seed length ratios at the dispersal stage were significantly higher than those from F. excelsior populations. This study provides straightforward and robust tools for avoiding commercial problems of impurity of seed lots and can help forest managers to certify common ash stands.ashes / RAPD-SCAR / dormancy / discriminant markers / hybridization Résumé -De nouveaux outils pour la reconnaissance des frênes européens Fraxinus excelsior L. et F. angustifolia Vahl : une aide au diagnostic. Le frêne commun (Fraxinus excelsior L.) et le frêne oxyphylle (F. angustifolia Vahl) sont les deux espèces de frêne les plus répandues en Europe occidentale. Le frêne commun étant le seul à posséder une importante valeur commerciale, la contamination de lots de graines par du frêne oxyphylle est fortement indésirable. Nous avons étudié des caractéristiques moléculaires, morphologiques et physiologiques qui pourront se révéler très utiles à la détection de la présence de F. angustifolia à l'échelle populationnelle, dans des lots de graines ou de semis, ainsi que dans des échantillons de feuilles d'arbres adultes issus de populations naturelles ou exploitées. Nous avons développé deux marqueurs moléculaires, un SCAR-RAPD et un marqueur issu d'un locus microsatellite nucléaire. Testés sur un ensemble de populations européennes, ces marqueurs se sont révélés quasi-spécifiques de l'une ou l'autre des deux espèces. D'autre part, nous avons étudié la dormance des graines en première année par des tests de germination sans stratification. Aucune germination n'a été observée sur un ensemble de descendances de frêne commun, alors que des germinations ont été observées sur toutes les descendances de frêne oxyphylle après seize semaines, ainsi que sur certaines descendances issues de populations introgressées. Enfin, nous avons montré que les embryons de F. excelsior à maturité dispersive occupent significativement moins de place dans la graine que ceux de F. angustifolia. Cette étude permet de ...

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“…Most Acer and Ulmus seeds germinate soon after dispersal and few enter dormancy [30][31][32]; however, the Fraxinus seeds used in this study may have been dormant at the time of planting [32][33][34]. Seed dormancy could potentially affect seed germination response to the substrate and moisture conditions in this study, particularly the wettest conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Most of the seeds of Acer and Ulmus germinate immediately after dispersal [30][31][32]. Fraxinus seed is reported to have dormancy mechanisms (e.g., [33,34]) most likely because it is autumn-dispersed. Dirr [32] reported that Fraxinus seed requires 60 days at 20 • C followed by 120 days at 0 • C-5 • C to break dormancy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moss and Soil Substrates Interact with Moisture Level to Influence Germination by Three Wetland Tree Species

et al. 2012

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To assess germination success in different microsites of a forested wetland environment, seeds of three common western New York wetland tree species, Acer x freemanii, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, and Ulmus americana, were sown into flats in the greenhouse with three substrates (mosses Hypnum imponens or Thuidium delicatulum or bare soil) and three hydrological conditions (wet, moist, or dry) in a factorial design. For the three species both treatment regimes and the interaction were highly significant, except for Acer, in which the substrate regime was not significant. Fraxinus germination had the highest tolerance for wet conditions and lowest for dry conditions followed by Acer and then Ulmus. Significant interactions showed that the effect of hydrological regime on germination is influenced by substrate type. Moss decreased germination under drier conditions and increased germination under wet conditions by lifting the seeds away from the soil and creating drier conditions than on bare soil. It is also possible that interspecific competition for moisture played a role in decreasing germination under dry conditions. By influencing the regeneration niche for three major tree species of swamps in the northeastern United States, the bryophyte layer plays an important role in determining community composition.

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DORMANCY AND GERMINATION OF FRAXINUS SEEDS

Cited by 45 publications

References 4 publications

Role of Temperature, Light and Growth Regulators in Germination in Anemone coronaria L

Role of Temperature, Light and Growth Regulators in Germination in Anemone coronaria L

New insights in the recognition of the European ash speciesFraxinus excelsiorL. andFraxinus angustifoliaVahl as useful tools for forest management

Moss and Soil Substrates Interact with Moisture Level to Influence Germination by Three Wetland Tree Species

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