Dor nas extremidades inferiores, demandas físicas e psicológicas em trabalhadores da limpeza urbana: estudo transversal

Abstract

Resumo Objetivo: descrever as características do trabalho e investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados à dor em membros inferiores em trabalhadores da limpeza urbana. Métodos: estudo de corte transversal, realizado na Bahia. Dados coletados entre 2009 e 2010. A dor foi avaliada por meio do Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, enquanto as demandas psicossociais no trabalho foram medidas pelo Job Content Questionnaire. Também foram avaliadas as demandas físicas, incluindo posturas gerais e manuseio de carga. A análise de regressão logística múltipla foi utilizada para identificar fatores associados à dor em membros inferiores. Resultados: 624 trabalhadores participaram da pesquisa. Constatou-se alta prevalência de dor em membros inferiores nos últimos sete dias (23,7%) e nos últimos doze meses (42,1%), sendo maior entre agentes de limpeza e coletores. A dor em membros inferiores foi associada a: mais de três anos de trabalho na empresa (OR = 1,34); alta exposição ao manuseio de cargas (OR = 1,35); demanda psicológica no trabalho (OR = 1,87); e condicionamento físico insuficiente (OR = 1,67). O trabalho na limpeza urbana envolveu grande sobrecarga física, com pressão de tempo para sua execução. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a necessidade de medidas para redução do manuseio de cargas e de mudanças na organização do trabalho, incluindo pausas durante a jornada e adequação das tarefas ao tempo disponível, a fim de evitar sobrecargas física e psicológica dos trabalhadores.

Ergonomic risks and musculoskeletal pain in hospital cleaning workers: Convergent Care Research with mixed methods

“…In this context, the hospital setting has characteristics of the environment and work organization that increase the likelihood of SHL workers reporting complaints of MSP in different body segments. In the ankles and plantar surface of the feet, the absence of designated places to sit during breaks and scheduled breaks at work, in addition to the need to walk long distances, constitute important risk factors for the symptoms of MSP ( 6 , 24 ) . The use of safety footwear at work, with conventional polyurethane and ethylene-vinyl acetate materials, is also associated with the occurrence of symptoms in this segment ( 25 ) .…”

“…Furthermore, in the perception of SHL workers, ergonomic risk and MSP were influenced by the psychosocial aspects of work. In this case, ergonomic risks are not limited to frequent mechanical exposures, unfavorable body postures and the use of equipment, but organizational, psychological and social issues can also constitute risk factors for MSP ( 6 , 32 ) .…”

“…Cleaning work activities have standardized equipment and techniques, however, sometimes they are not adapted to the psychophysiological needs of workers ( 6 - 7 ) . As a result, the SHL work process has been associated with multiple ergonomic risks capable of predisposing to MSP, with a high prevalence of 70.1% and 25.5% in strong to unbearable intensity ( 7 ) .…”

“…As a result, the SHL work process has been associated with multiple ergonomic risks capable of predisposing to MSP, with a high prevalence of 70.1% and 25.5% in strong to unbearable intensity ( 7 ) . This scenario is characterized by manual and repetitive activities, little mechanical assistance, muscular effort excess, use of force and intense rhythm ( 6 ) . In addition, cleaning activities are permeated by non-ergonomic body postures that are associated with load handling tasks and frequent static muscle work in pulling, pushing, standing and walking ( 8 - 9 ) .…”

The multidimensional construct of precarious work, the future of work, and workers’ health

“…Of these workers, garbage collectors present the lowest level of education (≤ basic education: 75%). These are predominantly young (mean age < 32 years), black (65%), and brown (30%) people, that is, 95% self-declared blacks 10 .…”