Doppler power frequency spectrum analysis in the diagnosis of carotid artery disease.

Krause, Heidi; Segard, M; Carey, Patrick H.; Bernstein, Eugene F.; Froněk, Arnošt

doi:10.1161/01.str.15.2.351

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The values of 6 m m or larger recorded in the present study for the diameter of normal internal carotid arteries at the origin, correspond well with the diameters of 6.1 0.72 (SD) mm given by Norrving and Cronquist (1 l), of 7 mm or larger given by Krause et al (16), and with a lumen area of 34 square mm in elderly persons (61-90 years), given by Peterson et al (7).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Stenoses are frequently only graded as having less than, of more than 50% lumen reduction, or tentatively with a higher precision, with terms such as mild (0-29%), moderate (30-69%) and severe To circumvent this problem, the diameter of the common carotid artery (8), or that of the cranial part of the internal carotid artery on the neck (9-14) have been used as reference. The use of the former tends to overestimate stenosis (8), the latter to underestimate it (15,16). In agreement with this, we found that percentage stenosis, defined as lumen reduction relative to a cranial reference segment, generally is lower than zero in healthy arteries with a carotid bulb.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The use of the former tends to overestimate stenosis (8), the latter to underestimate it (15,16). The use of the former tends to overestimate stenosis (8), the latter to underestimate it (15,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiological assessment of stenosis of the internal carotid artery at the junction with the common

Nordal

Dullerud

Amthor

1992

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica

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Stenoses at the origin of 100 internal carotid arteries from patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease were studied by intra-arterial angiography. Three principles were employed to evaluate the degree of stenosis: 1) verbal description, grading stenoses as mild, moderate of severe, 2) estimation of the true residual diameter, and 3) calculation of percent stenosis, defined here as the diameter of the artery at the origin relative to that at the level of the angle of the mandible. The true diameter, estimated to the nearest whole mm, corresponded well with the verbal description, and correlated significantly with percent stenosis. Since the true diameter is precisely defined, easy to estimate, and directly related to its hemodynamic effect, we suggest that this simple parameter, rather than the more commonly used, but more vaguely defined term "percent lumen reduction", is used to grade stenoses of the internal carotid artery.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Radiological assessment of stenosis of the internal carotid artery at the junction with the common

Nordal

Dullerud

Amthor

1992

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica

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“…Recently, Krause and colleagues 24 reported their preliminary experience with continuous-wave Doppler PFSA to detect carotid arterial occlusive disease. Frequency bandwidths at 50% peak power ( f^) were identified as an index of disease severity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Krause and colleagues 24 applied power frequency spectrum analysis (PFSA) to carotid continuous-wave ultrasonic Doppler signals. The Doppler signals obtained during an 8-msec interval at peak systole were selected for further processing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Range-gated pulsed Doppler power frequency spectrum analysis for the diagnosis of carotid arterial occlusive disease.

Harward¹,

Bernstein²,

Froněk³

1986

Stroke

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SUMMARY Carotid arterial disease was investigated with a Duplex Scanner using Power Frequency Spectrum Analysis. Sixty-one carotid systems were evaluated noninvasiveiy and angiographicalh, while 20 controls were examined and assumed to be normal. Peak frequency and 50% frequency bandwidth, a quantitative index of spectral broadening, were correlated with the percentage of stenosis. Peak frequency predicted the presence or absence of hemodynamfcally significant stenoses (>50% diameter reduction) with 90.8% accuracy, while 50% frequency bandwidth correctly identified similar lesions with 93.2% accuracy (p = NS). Also, with the latter results, carotid systems were grouped into <25%, 25% to 49%, and 2:50% stenosis categories with an 86.4% accuracy. Similar statistical evaluation was attempted for peak frequency results. It was not possible to separate hemodynamically insignificant lesions (<50% diameter reduction) into distinct groups because of the overlap of results among those arteries with <50% stenosis. Finally, all eight occluded internal carotid arteries were identified with combined Doppler/imaging analysis. However, with imaging alone, only 5 of 8 (63%) occluded arteries were correctly identified. Stroke Vol 17, No 5, 1986CAROTID ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASE occurs most frequently in the carotid bifurcation, lending itself to easy detection by direct noninvasive ultrasonic techniques. Initially, bruit auscultation was the major physical finding that suggested carotid artery disease. 1 " 3 Next, continuous-wave ultrasonic evaluation provided significantly more information.6 " 10 Finally, the duplex scanner, combining simultaneous real-time B-mode ultrasonic imaging with pulsed Doppler spectrum analysis represented a further advance."" 23 Blackshear and colleagues" reported detection of 92% of all flow-limiting lesions (greater than 50%) in the internal carotid artery using the duplex scanner. Similar findings were reported by Fell and colleagues 13 and Doorly and co-workers. 23 However, these investigators, utilizing a subjective method of visually analyzing each Doppler velocity curve for spectral broadening, obtained less satisfactory results in detecting stenoses with less than 50% diameter reduction. In an effort to improve the detection of lesser degrees of disease, internal carotid artery to common carotid artery flow velocity (maximum and mean) ratios were examined.12 ' 18 ' M Use of these ratios improved the ability to detect hemodynamically insignificant lesions, but the data did not aid in quantitating the degree of stenosis.Recently, Krause and colleagues 24 applied power frequency spectrum analysis (PFSA) to carotid continuous-wave ultrasonic Doppler signals. The Doppler signals obtained during an 8-msec interval at peak systole were selected for further processing. Following frequency analysis, an amplitude versus frequency plot was obtained, and the bandwidth at 50% of peak From the

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Asymmetry of Doppler spectrum in stenosis differentiation

Kałużyński

Tedgui

1989

Med. Biol. Eng. Comput.

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The asymmetry of the spectral distribution of ultrasonic Doppler flow velocity signals, assessed using the coefficient of skewness, is discussed as a criterion of stenosis differentiation. Its performance is compared with that of the index of turbulence intensity for both in vitro and in vivo flow Doppler signals, recorded distal to a stenosis. The power spectral distributions are computed using the direct Fourier transform and maximum likelihood method. The asymmetry of spectral distribution has proved to be a more efficient criterion than the turbulence intensity. The maximum likelihood method ensures better stenosis differentiation than the direct FFT method.

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Doppler power frequency spectrum analysis in the diagnosis of carotid artery disease.

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Radiological assessment of stenosis of the internal carotid artery at the junction with the common

Radiological assessment of stenosis of the internal carotid artery at the junction with the common

Range-gated pulsed Doppler power frequency spectrum analysis for the diagnosis of carotid arterial occlusive disease.

Asymmetry of Doppler spectrum in stenosis differentiation

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