Doppler echocardiographic assessment of left atrial appendage flow velocities in normal cats

Effects of sedation on echocardiographic variables of left atrial and left ventricular function in healthy cats

“…Finally, our study investigated only the possible effects of inter-operator recording variability, but did not specifically address intra-operator recording variability or measurement variability. Previous studies by our group 17 and from other laboratories 16,28,40 have more comprehensively investigated the effects of observer variation in feline echocardiography and have repeatedly documented low measurement variability.…”

Effects of treatment with ivabradine and atenolol on reproducibility of echocardiographic indices of left heart size and function in healthy cats

“…9 The variability of the Peak LAA and Peak AR at baseline was below 19% and was in agreement with previous published data (2.2e16.9%). 8,12 Indices of 2D strain Coefficients of variation of speckle-derived indices ranged from 4.1% to 50.6% at baseline, from 1.4 to 45.5% after ivabradine, and from 2.8 to 23.3% after atenolol. In human patients, 2D strain imaging data are highly reproducible, and analysis is affected by only small intraobserver (mean AE SD, 4.4 AE 1.6%) and interobserver variability (mean AE SD, 7.3 AE 2.5%).…”

“…8,14,16,17 Left atrial dimension and area were assessed from the right parasternal long-axis view, 8,16 and fractional area change (FAC) and shortening fraction (LA SF) were calculated. Left atrial appendage (LAA) flow, pulmonary venous flow, and transmitral flow were recorded and quantified as recently described.…”

“…Left atrial appendage (LAA) flow, pulmonary venous flow, and transmitral flow were recorded and quantified as recently described. 8,16 Pulsed wave Doppler-derived velocities of myocardial motion (Peak Sa, Peak Ea, and Peak Aa) were recorded from the left apical imaging view using a sample volume of 5 mm placed at the lateral mitral annulus. 18 The right parasternal midventricular short-axis plane of the LV was imaged for quantification of the peak systolic radial strain (Radial SR Peak S), and peak systolic and diastolic radial strain rate (Radial SrR Peak S, Radial SrR Peak E, and Radial SrR Peak A).…”

Echocardiographic Assessment of Diastolic Function in Feline Myocardial Disease

“…4,13,16,17 Doppler echocardiography has been reported in normal cats, [18][19][20][21] and compared with traditional invasive techniques. 22 Transmitral flow patterns have long been recognized as a means of assessing global diastolic function, as they reflect the fluctuating pressure gradients between the left atrium and left ventricle.…”