Doppler cooling of an optically dense cloud of magnetically trapped atoms

Schmidt, Piet O.; Hensler, S.; Werner, J.H.; Binhammer, Thomas; Görlitz, Axel; Pfau, Tilman

doi:10.1364/josab.20.000960

Cited by 24 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…In this way, one ends up with more than 10 8 ground state atoms magnetically trapped. In [68], the magnetic field configuration of the MOT was modified to the one of a Ioffe-Pritchard trap, allowing a continuous loading of a magnetic trap, in which rf evaporative cooling could be performed. However, when the density in the magnetic trap becomes too high, one cannot gain anymore in phase-space density due to increasing dipolar relaxation.…”

Section: Creation Of a Bec Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physics of dipolar bosonic quantum gases

et al. 2009

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Abstract. This article reviews the recent theoretical and experimental advances in the study of ultracold gases made of bosonic particles interacting via the longrange, anisotropic dipole-dipole interaction, in addition to the short-range and isotropic contact interaction usually at work in ultracold gases. The specific properties emerging from the dipolar interaction are emphasized, from the meanfield regime valid for dilute Bose-Einstein condensates, to the strongly correlated regimes reached for dipolar bosons in optical lattices.

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Section: Creation Of a Bec Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physics of dipolar bosonic quantum gases

et al. 2009

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“…This configuration preserves the magnetic sublevel of the atom. Along the radial directions cooling relies on reabsorption of scattered light by the optically thick cloud (Schmidt et al, 2003;Spoden et al, 2005;Tychkov et al, 2006). Fig.…”

Section: Magnetic Trappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold and trapped metastable noble gases

et al. 2012

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We review experimental work on cold, trapped metastable noble gases. We emphasize the aspects which distinguish work with these atoms from the large body of work on cold, trapped atoms in general. These aspects include detection techniques and collision processes unique to metastable atoms. We describe several experiments exploiting these unique features in fields including atom optics and statistical physics. We also discuss precision measurements on these atoms including fine structure splittings, isotope shifts, and atomic lifetimes.

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“…After magneto-optical trapping, the atoms are spin polarized to the m J = +2 substate (F = 7/2, m F = 7/2 in the case of 21 Ne) using circular polarized light and are transferred to an Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic trap (see [21] for details). As a last step of preparation, we apply one-dimensional Doppler cooling [23] by irradiating the magnetically trapped atoms with circular polarized, red-detuned laser light along the symmetry axis of the trap.…”

Section: A Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since one-dimensional Doppler cooling is more efficient along the beam axis (i.e., the symmetry axis of the Ioffe-Pritchard trap) [23], we obtain ensembles not in three-dimensional thermal equilibrium after the prepa-ration process. In each dimension, however, energy equipartition is fulfilled and the ensembles can be described by independent temperatures T ax in axial and T r in radial directions.…”

Section: A Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heteronuclear collisions between laser-cooled metastable neon atoms

et al. 2012

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We investigate heteronuclear collisions in isotope mixtures of laser-cooled metastable ( 3 P2) neon. Experiments are performed with spin-polarized atoms in a magnetic trap for all two-isotope combinations of the stable neon isotopes 20 Ne, 21 Ne, and 22 Ne. We determine the rate coefficients for heteronuclear ionizing collisions to β21,20 = (3.9 ± 2.7) × 10 −11 cm 3 /s, β22,20 = (2.6 ± 0.7) × 10 −11 cm 3 /s, and β21,22 = (3.9 ± 1.9) × 10 −11 cm 3 /s. We also study heteronuclear elastic collision processes and give upper bounds for heteronuclear thermal relaxation cross sections. This work significantly extends the limited available experimental data on heteronuclear ionizing collisions for laser-cooled atoms involving one or more rare gas atoms in a metastable state. I. INTRODUCTIONDue to their high internal energy which surpasses the ionization energy of almost all neutral atomic and molecular collision partners, metastable rare-gas atoms (Rg*) prepared by laser cooling techniques [1] present a unique class of atoms for the investigation of cold and ultracold collisions [2]. With lifetimes ranging from 14.73 s (neon)[3] to 7870 s (helium) [4], the first excited metastable states present effective ground states for applying standard laser cooling techniques. The resulting extremely low kinetic energy of the laser-cooled atoms (≈ 10 −10 eV) stands in strong contrast to the high internal energy between 8 eV (xenon) and 20 eV (helium). This offers unique conditions not accessible with samples of lasercooled alkali-metal atoms. In particular, the high internal energy of the metastable state allows for Penning (PI) and associative (AI) ionizing collisions,to dominate losses in trapped Rg* samples at high densities. Since direct detection of the collision products (using electron multipliers) as well as of the remaining Rg* atoms is possible with high efficiency, detailed studies of homonuclear ionizing collisions have been carried out for all rare gas elements (see [1] for an overview). Additional motivation for these investigations arises from the fact, that favorable rate coefficients for inelastic but also for elastic collisions are essential for the achievement of quantum degeneracy which for Rg* atoms so far has only been demonstrated for 4 He [5-8] and 3 He [9]. For unpolarized Rg* samples, two-body loss rate coefficients for PI [10] between β = 6 × 10 −11 cm 3 /s for 132 Xe [11] and β = 1 × 10 −9 cm 3 /s for 22 Ne [12] have been measured. Spin polarizing the atoms to a spin-stretched * gerhard.birkl@physik.tu-darmstadt.de state may suppress PI: In a collision of atoms in spinstretched states the total spin of the reactants is larger than the total spin of the products. Thus, if spin is conserved, PI collisions should be significantly reduced. In the case of He* in the 3 S 1 state, a suppression of four orders of magnitude has been observed [7,13]. For the heavier rare gases, however, the metastable state 3 P 2 is formed by an exited s electron and a p 5 core with orbital momentum l = 1. This leads to an anisot...

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Doppler cooling of an optically dense cloud of magnetically trapped atoms

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

The physics of dipolar bosonic quantum gases

The physics of dipolar bosonic quantum gases

Cold and trapped metastable noble gases

Heteronuclear collisions between laser-cooled metastable neon atoms

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