Doppler-Broadening Measurements of X-Ray Lines for Determination of the Ion Temperature in Tokamak Plasmas

Bitter, M.; Goeler, S. von; Horton, Robert; Goldman, M.; Hill, K. W.; Sauthoff, N.; Stodiek, W.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.42.304

Cited by 94 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…1͒. The spectra provide measurements of the central ion temperature, [3][4][5] central electron temperature, 6 central toroidal rotation, and distribution of the highly ionized charge states of argon, which in combination with other diagnostics can be used to study impurity transport. 7 Spectra of helium-like argon have previously been observed at the Tokamak Fontenay aux Roses ͑TFR͒ 8,9 and at the Alto Campo Torus ͑ALCATOR͒ tokamaks, where they are being used for the routine diagnostic purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution x-ray crystal spectrometer/polarimeter at torus experiment for technology oriented research-94

Weinheimer

Ahmad

Herzog

et al. 2001

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A high-resolution x-ray polarimeter has been installed at the torus experiment for technology oriented research ͑TEXTOR-94͒. The instrument consists of two spectrometers in Johann geometry, utilizing the dependence of Bragg reflection on the polarization. The dispersion plane of the so-called horizontal spectrometer coincides with the midplane of the tokamak, whereas the dispersion plane of the so-called vertical spectrometer lies perpendicular to the midplane of the tokamak. Both spectrometers operate with cylindrically bent quartz crystals of dimensions 153 mmϫ38 mmϫ0.7 mm with a 2d spacing of 4.9130 Å. The radii of curvature of the horizontal and vertical spectrometer crystals are 3820 mm and 4630 mm, respectively. The detectors are multiwire proportional counters having a large entrance window of 180 mmϫ90 mm, with a high count rate capability of up to 2.5ϫ10 5 photons/s, and a spatial resolution of 0.4-0.65 mm, depending on the count rate. The unique data acquisition system makes it possible to record up to 8192 spectra per TEXTOR-94 discharge to study fast events and impurity transport. The instruments are sensitive to spurious amounts of argon in hydrogen or deuterium discharges and aim for x-ray polarization measurements and other core plasma diagnostics like electron temperature, ion temperature, plasma rotation, impurity transport, and relative abundance of Ar 15ϩ /Ar 16ϩ . The first measurements of toroidal rotation speed, ion and electron temperatures show a very good agreement with charge exchange recombination spectroscopy ͑XRS͒ and electron cyclotron emission ͑ECE͒ diagnostics available at TEXTOR-94. The measured values of the ratio Ar 15ϩ /Ar 16ϩ are higher than that predicted from coronal equilibrium. The ratio depends strongly upon the electron density both for ohmic and neutral beam injection cases. This suggests that the charge state distribution is also dependent on diffusion and charge exchange processes in the plasmas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution x-ray crystal spectrometer/polarimeter at torus experiment for technology oriented research-94

Weinheimer

Ahmad

Herzog

et al. 2001

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…The x-ray crystal spectrometer (XCS) measures Kshell spectra of impurity ions with high resolution. The spectra are used to determine T i from Doppler broadening and the plasma rotation velocity from the Doppler shift, T e from line ratios, and the impurity ionization balance from relative intensities of lines from various charge states 108 . X-ray imaging systems (XIS)…”

Section: A Introduction -Soft X-ray Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Spectroscopic Diagnostics for Magnetically-confined Fusion Plasmas

Stratton¹,

Bitter²,

Hill³

et al. 2007

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Spectroscopy of radiation emitted by impurities and hydrogen isotopes plays an important role in the study of magnetically-confined fusion plasmas, both in determining the effects of impurities on plasma behavior and in measurements of plasma parameters such as electron and ion temperatures and densities, particle transport, and particle influx rates. This paper reviews spectroscopic diagnostics of plasma radiation that are excited by collisional processes in the plasma, which are termed 'passive' spectroscopic diagnostics to distinguish them from 'active' spectroscopic diagnostics involving injected particle and laser beams. A brief overview of the ionization balance in hot plasmas and the relevant line and continuum radiation excitation mechanisms is given. Instrumentation in the soft X-ray, vacuum ultraviolet, ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions of the spectrum is described and examples of measurements are given.Paths for further development of these measurements and issues for their implementation in a burning plasma environment are discussed.

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“…1 [16] paved the way for xray spectroscopy as an essential plasma diagnostic technique. The Doppler-broadening of x-ray lines from these highly charged atoms are usually more than an order of magnitude larger than the natural and instrumental broadening, which make the spectroscopic diagnostics very useful for the plasma observations.…”

Section: The Early Daysmentioning

confidence: 99%

From X-rays to visible photons - What do we learn from the plasma observations?

Rachlew¹

2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Photon spectroscopy from plasmas has proven to give new insights into the dynamics of the hot plasmas through multifaceted observations using absolute intensity and wavelength measurements. The spectroscopy observations have given a multitude of comparisons of theoretical modeling with experimental observations. Doppler, Zeeman and Stark effects have proven to be important ingredients in the observed spectra from the visible to the x-ray region.

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Doppler-Broadening Measurements of X-Ray Lines for Determination of the Ion Temperature in Tokamak Plasmas

Cited by 94 publications

References 12 publications

High-resolution x-ray crystal spectrometer/polarimeter at torus experiment for technology oriented research-94

High-resolution x-ray crystal spectrometer/polarimeter at torus experiment for technology oriented research-94

Passive Spectroscopic Diagnostics for Magnetically-confined Fusion Plasmas

From X-rays to visible photons - What do we learn from the plasma observations?

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