Doping Strategies in Inorganic and Organic Materials

Abstract

Abstract. Doping is the most versatile tool to influence transport properties of a given solid. Simple rules for its application in ionic and covalent materials are formulated. The usual doping concept that relies on hetero-valence effects is extended to homo-valent situations, which

Structural and Electrochemical Impacts of Mg/Mn Dual Dopants on the LiNiO2 Cathode in Li-Metal Batteries

“…15 Besides the electrolyte optimization, the doping chemistry in inorganic materials is a popular strategy to satisfy various performance targets in rechargeable batteries and beyond. 16,17 Many cations, such as Mg 2+ , Al 3+ , and Ti 4+ , can be incorporated into the layered structure to enhance the structural stability, surface oxygen retention, and thermal stability. 6,18 Several cations with larger radii (e.g., Zr 4+ , W 5+ ) were also incorporated during the LiNiO 2 synthesis, and a secondary phase preferentially segregated onto the surfaces of primary particles.…”

“…Great efforts have been made to circumvent these problems, of which several studies focused on engineering the cathode–electrolyte interphase to improve the battery performance through introducing fluorine- and boron-containing electrolytes. − With the LiDFOB additive, Wang and co-workers reported that the LiNiO 2 cathode can impressively approach the theoretical capacity (∼270 mAh/g reversible discharge capacity at C /15 reported in the paper), with significantly improved cycling stability . Besides the electrolyte optimization, the doping chemistry in inorganic materials is a popular strategy to satisfy various performance targets in rechargeable batteries and beyond. , Many cations, such as Mg 2+ , Al 3+ , and Ti 4+ , can be incorporated into the layered structure to enhance the structural stability, surface oxygen retention, and thermal stability. , Several cations with larger radii (e.g., Zr 4+ , W 5+ ) were also incorporated during the LiNiO 2 synthesis, and a secondary phase preferentially segregated onto the surfaces of primary particles. , The parasitic secondary phase acts as a physical barrier to separate the parent phase from the electrolyte, leading to inhibited interfacial side reactions. To date, there has been an increasing number of studies that apply multiple dopants in layered oxides to achieve the synergistic effect that enhances the distinct role of the individual dopant .…”

Interstitial and substitutional light elements in transition metals for heterogeneous catalysis

“…In this work, this term will also be used to describe large concentrations of additive; for example in Y-doped ZrO 2 , in which the Y content is above 10%. As admitted by the literature, 13 as long as the modification is mild and the parent structure remains approximately unchanged, this term is still applicable. Therefore, it is more suitable to use the term ‘doping’ when describing solid-solution alloys and use other words when describing intermetallic compounds.…”

Theoretical approaches to defect mechanisms and transport properties of compounds used for electrodes and solid-state electrolytes in alkali-ion batteries

“…This concept is well known as doping. 29,30 Various synthesis methods have been designed for doping and tuning the charge carrier concentration in the sample. 30–33 A majority of these experimental methods are rather expensive, especially for research groups from developing countries.…”