Doping nanoparticles

Koshkin, V. M.; Слезов, В. В.

doi:10.1134/1.1760857

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A Kelvin-type relation has sometimes been used to explain the experimental observations although this relation actually describes the solubility in the medium around the nanoparticle as already stressed by A. Harutyanyan [13] and not the solubility inside the nanoparticle. Over the last years, thermodynamic models specifically addressing the solid solubility of impurities inside nanoparticles have been devised based on different assumptions: size-dependent entropy [72], regular solution theory [73], quantum confinement of elementary excitations [74], sizedependent melting enthalpy, entropy and atomic interaction energy [75] or linear concentration dependence of the surface energy [76]. In general, these thermodynamic models predict an increase of the solubility of impurities inside nanoparticles of decreasing size.…”

Section: Affinity For Carbon: Carbon Solubility and Formation Of Carbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current understanding of the growth of carbon nanotubes in catalytic chemical vapour deposition

Jourdain

Bichara

2013

Carbon

497

334

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Due to its higher degree of control and its scalability, catalytic chemical vapour deposition is now the prevailing synthesis method of carbon nanotubes. Catalytic chemical vapour deposition implies the catalytic conversion of a gaseous precursor into a solid material at the surface of reactive particles or of a continuous catalyst film acting as a template for the growing material. Significant progress has been made in the field of nanotube synthesis by this method although nanotube samples still generally suffer from a lack of structural control. This illustrates the fact that numerous aspects of the growth mechanism remain ill-understood. The first part of this review is dedicated to a summary of the general background useful for beginners in the field. This background relates to the carbon precursors, the catalyst nanoparticles, their interaction with carbonaceous compounds and their environment. The second part provides an updated review of the influence of the synthesis parameters on the features of nanotube samples: diameters, chirality, metal/semiconductor ratio, length, defect density and catalyst yield. The third part is devoted to important and still open questions, such as the mechanism of nanotube nucleation and the chiral selectivity, and to the hypotheses currently proposed to answer them

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Section: Affinity For Carbon: Carbon Solubility and Formation Of Carbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current understanding of the growth of carbon nanotubes in catalytic chemical vapour deposition

Jourdain

Bichara

2013

Carbon

497

334

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“…The fact that solubility depends on solvent dispersity can be used in devising purification processes via dispersion and condensation, growing nanowires and nanotubes, producing porous solid surfaces, eliminating nonstoichiometry of compound semiconductors [12], etc. Equation (5) lays the foundation for a method of determining the surface tension of solvent droplets in whisker growth [13].…”

Section: Effect Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Nature of the Metal Solvent on the Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth Rate of Silicon Whiskers

et al. 2005

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A relationship is established between the growth rate of silicon whiskers and the solubility of the crystallizing substance in metal solvent particles. The effect of the whisker diameter on the growth rate is analyzed. The solubility of the solid phase is shown to drop as the particle size of the solvent decreases (its specific surface increases). The practical importance of these findings is discussed. v , µ m/s 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 Ag Cu Au Ni Pt Fig. 1. Growth rates of silicon whiskers at 1330 K for different metal solvents (at 1470 K for silver).

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“…In particular, the extension of solubility limits, with the potential to significantly alter materials properties, has been predicted in nanoclusters due to finite-size effects (Shirinyan and Gusak 2004;Jesser et al 1999). Inert-gas condensation (IGC) is a non-equilibrium processing route to produce nanoparticles, making it an ideal technique to explore new materials and structures (Koshkin and Slezov 2004;Mukherjee et al 2012). In IGC, the cluster structure depends on processing conditions, notably the sputtering power when dc magnetron sputtering is used to create the gas phase (Balasubramanian et al 2011;Patterson et al 2010;Qiu and Wang 2006), and the temperature inside the cluster-forming chamber (Golkar et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility extension and phase formation in gas-condensed Co–W nanoclusters

et al. 2013

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CoW alloy clusters with extended solubility of W in hcp Co were produced by inert-gas condensation. The structural state of the as-deposited CoW clusters was found to be critically dependent on processing parameters such as the cooling scheme and sputtering power. For the water-cooled clusters, the mean size and percent crystalline were strongly dependent on sputtering power, while the percent crystalline of the liquid nitrogen-cooled clusters was not as affected by the sputtering power. At low sputtering powers, the water-cooled clusters were predominantly amorphous, but became increasingly more crystalline as the sputtering power increased. The predominant crystalline phase was hcp Co(W), but high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that very small and very large clusters contained fcc and Co3W structures, respectively. For liquid nitrogen cooling the clusters were predominantly amorphous regardless of sputtering power, although at the highest sputtering power a small percentage of the clusters were crystalline. The magnetic properties were dependent on cooling schemes, sputtering power, and temperature, with the highest coercivity of 893 Oe obtained at 10 K for water-cooled clusters sputtered at 150 W. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the water-cooled sample increased with increasing sputtering power, with the highest anisotropy of 3.9 × 10 6 ergs/cm 3 recorded for clusters sputtered at 150 W. For liquid nitrogen-cooled samples, the anisotropy was approximately constant for all sputtering powers.

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Doping nanoparticles

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Current understanding of the growth of carbon nanotubes in catalytic chemical vapour deposition

Current understanding of the growth of carbon nanotubes in catalytic chemical vapour deposition

Effect of the Nature of the Metal Solvent on the Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth Rate of Silicon Whiskers

Solubility extension and phase formation in gas-condensed Co–W nanoclusters

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