Doping induced morphology, crystal structure, and upconversion luminescence evolution: from Na3ScF6:Yb/Er/Y to NaYF4:Yb/Er/Sc nanocrystals

Excellent red upconversion luminescence in GdLaO3:Er3+/Yb3+/Sc3+ under 980 nm laser excitation

“…[30][31][32] Additionally, due to the small ionic radius and the same valence, Sc 3+ ions can easily enter into other rare-earth-based host lattices as dopants for modulation of the crystallographic parameters toward UCL tuning. 33 Therefore, the sites occupied by Er 3+ /Yb 3+ /Sc 3+ can be controlled by changing the molar ratio of the raw materials to obtain excellent red UCL intensity in Er 3+ /Yb 3+ /Sc 3+ co-doped GdLaO 3 phosphors.…”

Direct large-scale synthesis of water-soluble and biocompatible upconversion nanoparticles for in vivo imaging

“…12 The Yb 3+ ion emerges as a frequently utilized sensitizer owing to its substantial absorption cross-section in the near-infrared region, facilitating effective absorption of near-infrared light. [13][14][15][16][17][18] Notably, the NaYF 4 :Ln 3+ nanoparticles have emerged as pivotal luminescent nanomaterials for various applications, including bioimaging, optical data storage, and anti-counterfeiting measures, owing to their exceptional upconversion properties. However, the large specic surface area of NaYF 4 :Ln 3+ nanoparticles oen leads to signicant non-radiative transitions, posing challenges for the exploration and application of new optical functionalities.…”