Doping dynamics in light-emitting electrochemical cells

Reenen, van S Stephan; Janssen, Raj René; Kemerink, Martijn

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2011.07.005

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…17,18 Studies of the doping process in LECs encounter a crucial lack of the fundamental understanding with only a few theoretical papers addressing the subject. 14,[19][20][21][22] In particular, the analytical formula for the velocity of a planar doping front has been found only recently in Ref. 22, which demonstrated good agreement with the experimental observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Nonlinear dynamics of corrugated doping fronts in organic optoelectronic devices

et al. 2012

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Recently, it was demonstrated that electrochemical doping fronts in organic semiconductors exhibit a new fundamental instability growing from multidimensional perturbations [Bychkov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 016103 (2011)]. In the instability development, linear growth of tiny perturbations goes over into a nonlinear stage of strongly distorted doping fronts. Here we develop the nonlinear theory of the doping front instability and predict the key parameters of a corrugated doping front, such as its velocity, in close agreement with the experimental data. We show that the instability makes the electrochemical doping process considerably faster. We obtain the self-similar properties of the front shape corresponding to the maximal propagation velocity, which allows for a wide range of controlling the doping process in the experiments. The developed theory provides the guide for optimizing the performance of organic optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting electrochemical cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Nonlinear dynamics of corrugated doping fronts in organic optoelectronic devices

et al. 2012

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“…In contrast, in the ECD model, anions accumulate at the anode and cations accumulate at the cathode, respectively, forming highly conductive p ‐ (positive) and n ‐ (negative) doped regions, which broaden over time until a p–i–n junction is formed in between (i refers to “intrinsic”, i.e., an undoped region), followed by charge recombination and light emission . However, no final conclusion has yet been reached on the definite working mechanism of LECs, in spite of many related efforts …”

Section: Applications In Organic Electronic Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Ionic Iridium(III) Complexes for Organic Electronic Devices

et al. 2016

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Ionic iridium(III) complexes are emerging with great promise for organic electronic devices, owing to their unique features such as ease of molecular design and synthesis, excellent photophysical properties, superior redox stability, and highly efficient emissions of virtually all colors. Here, recent progress on new material design, regarding photo- and electroluminescence is highlighted, including several interesting topics such as: i) color-tuning strategies of cationic iridium(III) complexes, ii) widespread utilization in phosphorescent light-emitting devices fabricated by not only solution processes but also vacuum evaporation deposition, and iii) potential applications in data record, storage, and sercurity. Results on anionic iridium(III) complexes and "soft salts" are also discussed, indicating a new related subject. Finally, a brief outlook is suggested, pointing out that ionic iridium(III) complexes should play a more significant role in future organic electronic materials technology.

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“…This as well as the larger carrier densities lead to an enhanced carrier mobility, hence a larger hopping rate. 29,30 As the hopping rate of polarons is related to the exciton formation rate, also the latter is enhanced by the larger bias voltage. Such an enhancement means a shift towards the right-hand side in the contour plot shown in Fig.…”

Section: Low-field Effects In Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Large magnetic field effects in electrochemically doped organic light-emitting diodes

et al. 2013

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Large negative magnetoconductance (MC) of ∼12% is observed in electrochemically doped polymer light-emitting diodes at sub-band-gap bias voltages (V bias ). Simultaneously, a positive magnetoefficiency (Mη) of 9% is observed at V bias = 2 V. At higher bias voltages, both the MC and Mη diminish while a negative magnetoelectroluminescence (MEL) appears. The negative MEL effect is rationalized by triplet-triplet annihilation that leads to delayed fluorescence, whereas the positive Mη effect is related to competition between spin mixing and exciton formation leading to an enhanced singlet:triplet ratio at nonzero magnetic field. The resultant reduction in triplet exciton density is argued to reduce detrapping of polarons in the recombination zone at low-bias voltages, explaining the observed negative MC. Regarding organic magnetoresistance, this study provides experimental data to verify existing models describing magnetic field effects in organic semiconductors, which contribute to better understanding hereof. Furthermore, we present indications of strong magnetic field effects related to interactions between trapped carriers and excitons, which specifically can be studied in electrochemically doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Regarding light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), this work shows that delayed fluorescence from triplet-triplet annihilation substantially contributes to the electroluminescence and the device efficiency.

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Doping dynamics in light-emitting electrochemical cells

Cited by 36 publications

References 31 publications

Nonlinear dynamics of corrugated doping fronts in organic optoelectronic devices

Nonlinear dynamics of corrugated doping fronts in organic optoelectronic devices

Recent Progress in Ionic Iridium(III) Complexes for Organic Electronic Devices

Large magnetic field effects in electrochemically doped organic light-emitting diodes

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