Doping behaviour in mixed martial arts athletes: the roles of social norms and self-regulatory efficacy

Petrou, Michael; Lazuras, Lambros; Hillier, Mathew; Mojtahedi, Dara

doi:10.1080/1612197x.2021.1948587

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…The minimization of severe cognitive and somatic anxiety within CS may also help practitioners stay committed to the sport for longer by reducing negative experiences, though further academic inquiry into the pragmatic utility of MT coaching is needed. Future research should also explore the relationship between CA and illicit sporting behavior in CS, considering the fundamental influence such beliefs can have on unsporting behavior, such as the use of performance-enhancing drugs [ 101 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition Anxiety in Combat Sports and the Importance of Mental Toughness

Mojtahedi,

Dagnall,

Denovan

et al. 2023

Behavioral Sciences

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Combat sports require participants to engage in potentially dangerous forms of contact-based competition. Pressure to succeed, coupled with the risk of severe injury can induce significant levels of anxiety, which if uncontrolled, can negatively impact performance and possibly promote unsporting conduct. The present study examined competitive anxiety levels of combat sports athletes and determined whether self-reported scores were associated with mental toughness and Sportspersonship attitudes. A cross-sectional survey design was used whereby participants (N = 194) completed a battery of questionnaires measuring competitive combat sport experiences, demographic details, Sportspersonship traits (compliance towards rules, respect for opponents, and game perspective), and competition anxiety (somatic, cognitive, and self-confidence; reported retrospectively). Results suggest that mentally tough athletes experience lower levels of cognitive and somatic anxiety, and higher self-confidence, prior to competitions. Findings also found that athletes endorsing more altruistic and respectful attitudes in sport (Sportspersonship) reported higher levels of competition anxiety. The findings demonstrate that mental toughness is allied to positive attributes and could potentially be operationalized to improve both the retention and performance of combat sports athletes. Thus, the authors advocate the use of mental toughness coaching interventions within combat sports.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition Anxiety in Combat Sports and the Importance of Mental Toughness

Mojtahedi,

Dagnall,

Denovan

et al. 2023

Behavioral Sciences

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“…It has been established that the consumption of ergogenic aids (including banned substances) are commonly used in MMA to improve performance [109]. This use likely stems from their training environment and the professionals who make up the technical committee "reference group" (GR), that is coaches, teammates/training partners, and doctors [121]. According to Petrou et al [121], this permissible environment and positive perceptions related to doping with banned substances stems from the GR, which makes the athlete feel more confident in their indiscriminate use of performance enhancing substances.…”

Section: Psychobiological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This use likely stems from their training environment and the professionals who make up the technical committee "reference group" (GR), that is coaches, teammates/training partners, and doctors [121]. According to Petrou et al [121], this permissible environment and positive perceptions related to doping with banned substances stems from the GR, which makes the athlete feel more confident in their indiscriminate use of performance enhancing substances. Thus, it is relevant that MMA teams to staff a psychologist on their team to adequately analyse injunctive social norms that are misinterpreted or misrepresented, as these are strongly associated with permissive relationships to doping.…”

Section: Psychobiological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploratory Systematic Review of Mixed Martial Arts: An Overview of Performance of Importance Factors with over 20,000 Athletes

Bueno

Faro

Lenetsky

et al. 2022

Sports

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This review aimed to analyze the findings in the literature related to Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) through an exploratory systematic review and to present the state of the art from a multifactorial perspective. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement, with a search performed in the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Participants were competitive athletes (amateurs or professionals) of regional, national, or international levels. Of the 2763 registries identified, 112 studies met the eligibility criteria. The pooled sample size and age were 20,784 participants, with a mean age of 27.7 ± 6 years for male and 28.9 ± 3 years for female, with the vast majority of athletes being male (94.9%). MMA athletes were 17.2% amateurs, 73.8% professionals, and 9% were not reported. The scientific literature related to MMA reported injuries (n = 28), weight loss (n = 21), technical and tactical analysis (n = 23), physical fitness (n = 8), physiological responses and training characteristics (n = 13), psychobiological parameters (n = 12), and interventions applied to MMA athletes (n = 7). Therefore, this exploratory systematic review presents practitioners and researchers with seven broad summaries of each facet of performance of importance in this population of athletes.

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“…When focusing on doping, self-regulatory efficacy shows an athlete's ability to resist both personal and social environmental factors influencing the use of prohibited drugs. Studies have provided evidence that doping self-regulatory efficacy has been associated with lower intention to use doping [10,[17][18][19][20] and doping behavior [7,11]. Ultimately, it can be said that doping self-regulatory efficacy can discourage athletes from doping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation and Validation of the Lithuanian Version of the Sport-Specific Doping Self-Regulatory Efficacy Scale

Šukys

Hoppen

2023

IJERPH

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Background: Use of banned performance enhancing substances in sport is one of the most widely recognized anti-doping rules violation. Research evidence suggests that self-regulatory efficiency is one of the key psychosocial processes related with doping. Therefore, aiming to generate more insights on the self-regulatory efficacy, sport-specific doping self-regulatory efficacy scale was proposed. The aim of the present study was to adapt and validate the Lithuanian version of the sport-specific doping self-regulatory efficacy scale. Material and Methods: The scale construct validity and reliability was tested using a sample of 453 athletes (mean age 20.37, SD = 2.29; 46% male). Structural validity was assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, convergent and discriminant validity of the scale were evaluated by assessing average variance extracted and also via correlational analyses. Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability values were used for reliability analysis. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the one factor structure of the sport-specific doping self-regulatory efficacy scale. The results also indicated that the scale had sufficient convergent and discriminant validity. The results showed an excellent level of internal consistency. Conclusions: This study makes a contribution by confirming the validity and reliability of the Lithuanian version of the sport-specific doping self-regulatory efficacy scale.

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Doping behaviour in mixed martial arts athletes: the roles of social norms and self-regulatory efficacy

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Competition Anxiety in Combat Sports and the Importance of Mental Toughness

Competition Anxiety in Combat Sports and the Importance of Mental Toughness

Exploratory Systematic Review of Mixed Martial Arts: An Overview of Performance of Importance Factors with over 20,000 Athletes

Adaptation and Validation of the Lithuanian Version of the Sport-Specific Doping Self-Regulatory Efficacy Scale

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