Dopamine release in ventral striatum of pathological gamblers losing money

Linnet, Jakob; Peterson, Ericka; Doudet, Doris J.; Gjedde, Albert; Møller, Arne

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01591.x

Cited by 111 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Although video gaming and PG are different activities, their similarities are evident, and the same reasoning could easily be applied to PG. One future strategy to confirm the hypothesis that PG-related brain volume abnormalities are due to the vulnerability to this condition would be to carry out MRI studies investigating the relationship between brain volume abnormalities and molecular genetic features, especially dopaminergic polymorphisms thought to be related to PG (Steeves et al, 2009;Linnet et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mapping brain volumetric abnormalities in never-treated pathological gamblers

Fuentes¹,

Rzezak²,

Pereira³

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mapping brain volumetric abnormalities in never-treated pathological gamblers

Fuentes¹,

Rzezak²,

Pereira³

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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“…Currently, no significant differences in baseline DA binding in pathological gamblers compared to HCs seem to be present but studies indicate positive correlations between DA binding and gambling severity and impulsivity (Linnet et al 2010;Clark et al 2012;Joutsa et al 2012;Boileau et al 2013). In addition, in a PET study measuring DA activity during the Iowa Gambling Task it was found that DA release in pathological gamblers was related to excitement (Linnet et al 2011) and poor performance (Linnet et al 2010). Overall these results do suggest a role for abnormal DA binding in PG but not to the same extent as that found in drug addiction (Clark and Limbrick-Oldfield 2013).…”

Section: Neurobiology Of Disordered Gamblingmentioning

confidence: 92%

Behavioural addiction—A rising tide?

Chamberlain

Löchner

Stein

et al. 2016

European Neuropsychopharmacology

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The term 'addiction' was traditionally used in relation to centrally active substances, such as cocaine, alcohol, or nicotine. Addiction is not a unitary construct but rather incorporates a number of features, such as repetitive engagement in behaviours that are rewarding (at least initially), loss of control (spiralling engagement over time), persistence despite untoward functional consequences, and physical dependence (evidenced by withdrawal symptoms when intake of the substance diminishes). It has been suggested that certain psychiatric disorders characterized by maladaptive, repetitive behaviours share parallels with substance addiction and therefore represent 'behavioural addictions'. This perspective has influenced the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), which now has a category 'Substance Related and Addictive Disorders', including gambling disorder. Could other disorders characterised by repetitive behaviours, besides gambling disorder, also be considered 'addictions'? Potential examples include kleptomania, compulsive sexual behaviour, 'Internet addiction', trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder), and skin-picking disorder. This paper seeks to define what is meant by 'behavioural addiction', and critically considers the evidence for and against this conceptualisation in respect of the above conditions, from perspectives of aetiology, phenomenology, co-morbidity, neurobiology, and treatment. Research in this area has important implications for future diagnostic classification systems, neurobiological models, and novel treatment directions.

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“…A study by Linnet and colleagues found that problem gamblers have increased dopamine release in their ventral striatum as compared to healthy controls when they lost money in a gambling task, implying that loss still generates motivation in problem gamblers (Linnet et al 2010). Additionally, a study by Clark and colleagues found that near misses (or almost winning) in a slot machine gambling task recruited areas of the brain that respond to wins.…”

Section: Gamblingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Roles of “Wanting” and “Liking” in Motivating Behavior: Gambling, Food, and Drug Addictions

Robinson

Fischer

Ahuja

et al. 2015

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

210

151

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The motivation to seek out and consume rewards has evolutionarily been driven by the urge to fulfill physiological needs. However in a modern society dominated more by plenty than scarcity, we tend to think of motivation as fueled by the search for pleasure. Here, we argue that two separate but interconnected subcortical and unconscious processes direct motivation: "wanting" and "liking." These two psychological and neuronal processes and their related brain structures typically work together, but can become dissociated, particularly in cases of addiction. In drug addiction, for example, repeated consumption of addictive drugs sensitizes the mesolimbic dopamine system, the primary component of the "wanting" system, resulting in excessive "wanting" for drugs and their cues. This sensitizing process is long-lasting and occurs independently of the "liking" system, which typically remains unchanged or may develop a blunted pleasure response to the drug. The result is excessive drug-taking despite minimal pleasure and intense cue-triggered craving that may promote relapse long after detoxification. Here, we describe the roles of "liking" and "wanting" in general motivation and review recent evidence for a dissociation of "liking" and "wanting" in drug addiction, known as the incentive sensitization theory (Robinson and Berridge 1993). We also make the case that sensitization of the "wanting" system and the resulting dissociation of "liking" and "wanting" occurs in both gambling disorder and food addiction.

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Dopamine release in ventral striatum of pathological gamblers losing money

Cited by 111 publications

References 55 publications

Mapping brain volumetric abnormalities in never-treated pathological gamblers

Mapping brain volumetric abnormalities in never-treated pathological gamblers

Behavioural addiction—A rising tide?

Roles of “Wanting” and “Liking” in Motivating Behavior: Gambling, Food, and Drug Addictions

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