Dopamine-melatonin neurons in the avian hypothalamus controlling seasonal reproduction

Kang, Seong Wook; Thayananuphat, Aree; Bakken, Thomas; Halawani, Mohamed E. El

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.08.031

Cited by 58 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…PMM microdissection was performed using a needle tubing punch as previously described [14]. Six microdissected PMM tissues were pooled together to obtain a sufficient RNA for microarray analysis (4 biological replicates, a total of 24 birds/group).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the slides cooled down, they were washed twice with PBS-Tween 20 (pH 7.4), rinsed with PBS, and blocked with 10% normal donkey serum in PBS for 1 h. Slides rinsed with PBS and processed through IHC as described above using monoclonal anti-mouse TH (ImmunoStar) at 1:1,000 dilution and AANAT (ab3505, Abcam Inc., Cambridge, Mass., USA) at 1:500 dilution or anti-GABA A receptor α 2 (HPA014261, Sigma-Aldrich Inc.; 86% sequence identity to turkey GABA A receptor α 2 ) at 1:250 dilution or anti-GABA B receptor 2 (HPA013820, Sigma-Aldrich; 88% sequence identity to turkey GABA B receptor 2) at 1:15 dilution as primary antibodies, and 1:800 cy3 anti-mouse IgG and 1:50 FITC anti-rabbit IgG (Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratories) as secondary antibodies. The anti-TH and anti-AANAT antibodies were validated in our previous study [14]. To verify the specificity of anti-GABA A receptor α 2 , and anti-GABA B receptor 2 antibodies, these antibodies were substituted with normal rabbit serum in the single IHC staining.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The neuronal group in the PMM is photoreceptive since they express c-fos mRNA in response to a light pulse provided during the photosensitive phase together with the stimulation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone-I (GnRH-I) neurons in the nucleus commissurae pallii (nCPA) [13]. Dopamine (DA) and the hormonal synchronizer of the circadian oscillators, melatonin (Mel), are colocalized within the PMM and exhibit a daily endogenous dual oscillation in DAergic/MELergic activities [14]. The established pathway from the PMM to the pars tuberalis (PT) [15] suggests that the output of the photoperiodic signal is transmitted to the neuroendocrine system cascade that facilitates the release of GnRH-I.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GABAergic Neurotransmission in the Premammillary Nucleus of the Turkey Hypothalamus Regulates Reproductive Seasonality and the Onset of Photorefractoriness

et al. 2015

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Background/Aims: Photoperiod is a major environmental cue in temperate-zone birds which synchronizes breeding with the time of year that offers the optimal environment for offspring survival. Despite continued long photoperiods, these birds eventually become refractory to the stimulating photoperiod and their reproductive systems regress. In this study, we characterized the role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmission in modulating the response of the premammillary nucleus (PMM) to a gonad stimulatory photoperiod and the onset of photorefractoriness. Methods and Results: Bilateral ablation of the PMM blocked the light-induced neuroendocrine response from occurring in photosensitive turkeys. Microarray analyses revealed an increase in GABAergic activity in the PMM of photorefractory birds as opposed to photosensitive ones, and this enhanced GABAergic activity appeared to inhibit the photoperiodic signal. Additionally, GABA_A and GABA_B receptors were expressed by dopamine-melatonin neurons in the PMM, and the administration of the GABA receptor agonist baclofen blocked the photoperiodic reproductive neuroendocrine responses. Conclusions: Consistent with the present findings, we propose that the long-sought-after mechanism underlying photorefractoriness is linked to the inhibitory actions of GABA. We suggest that (1) GABAergic interference with photoperiodic entrainment in the PMM initiates the photorefractory state and terminates the annual breeding season in temperate-zone birds, and (2) the PMM is a site of photoreception and photorefractoriness that controls the initiation and termination of avian reproductive seasonality.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GABAergic Neurotransmission in the Premammillary Nucleus of the Turkey Hypothalamus Regulates Reproductive Seasonality and the Onset of Photorefractoriness

et al. 2015

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“…Plasma dopamine levels in humans show a circadian rhythm in concentration that is phase-shifted relative to melatonin by approximately 180 degrees, peaking in the light phase and reaching lowest levels during the dark phase (Sowers and Vlachakis 1984). Primates (Perlow, Gordon et al 1977), rats (Schade, Vick et al 1995), and birds (Kang, Thayananuphat et al 2007) also show these circadian rhythms in dopamine production; high in light, low in dark, and out of phase with melatonin. In pinealectomised rats the administration of melatonin suppresses dopamine expression in a dose-dependent manner (Khaldy, Leon et al 2002).…”

Section: Central and Retinal Dopamine Rhythmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myopia, Light and Circadian Rhythms

Phillips¹,

Backhouse²,

Collins³

2012

Advances in Ophthalmology

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“…Currently 4 sites in the avian brain have been proposed to house DBP ( Figure 2B): 1) the lateral septal region including the lateral septal organ (LSO; Silver et al, 1988;Kuenzel, 1993;Kuenzel and Blähser, 1994;Saldanha et al, 1994;Kuenzel et al, 1997;Wada et al, 2000;Saldanha et al, 2001;Li et al, 2004;Chaurasia et al, 2005;Rathinam and Kuenzel, 2005;Li and Kuenzel, 2008), 2) the PVN (Soni and Foster, 1997;Tomonari et al, 2007;Halford et al, 2009;Davies et al, 2012), 3) premammillary nucleus (PMM; Kang et al, 2007Kang et al, , 2009Kang et al, , 2010Thayananuphat et al, 2007;El Halawani et al, 2009;Kosonsiriluk et al, 2013), and 4) the paraventricular organ (PVO; Vigh-Teichmann et al, 1980;Vigh and Vigh-Teichmann, 1998;. It could be that all 4 brain areas contain DBP and are functionally coordinated to ensure continual function of the essential detection of photoperiodic information.…”

Section: (1) Sensory Photopigment System Involves Deep-brain Photorecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring avian deep-brain photoreceptors and their role in activating the neuroendocrine regulation of gonadal development

Kuenzel¹,

Kang²,

Zhou³

2015

Poultry Science

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A large number of mammalian, avian, and other vertebrate species are photoperiodic and thereby display a defined time of year when their reproductive system is activated due to an ability to sense seasonal changes in photoperiod. Several reviews have addressed photoperiodism in birds including its proposed mechanisms, regulation of key annual cycle events, and relevance to productivity and fitness of avian species Nicholls et al., 1988;Kuenzel, 1993;Foster et al., 1994;Wilson, 1997;Dawson et al., 2001;Sharp, 2005;Ono et al., 2009;Ubuka et al., 2013). The purpose of this paper is to focus on one aspect of the phenomenon, particularly its sensory component. Decades ago it was proposed that vertebrates possess a photo-neuroendocrine system (PNES) composed of 2 components including (1) the photoperiodic axis (receptors and groups of neurons detecting light or changes in photoperiods, and (2) the traditional hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis (Scharrer, 1964). Scharrer's first component, the sensory system, will be addressed herein. A neural pathway is required to detect light information from the environment, integrate it and in some manner connect with the classical HPG axis to regulate reproductive function at the appropri- ABSTRACT In the eyes of mammals, specialized photoreceptors called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) have been identified that sense photoperiodic or daylight exposure, providing them over time with seasonal information. Detectors of photoperiods are critical in vertebrates, particularly for timing the onset of reproduction each year. In birds, the eyes do not appear to monitor photoperiodic information; rather, neurons within at least 4 different brain structures have been proposed to function in this capacity. Specialized neurons, called deep brain photoreceptors (DBP), have been found in the septum and 3 hypothalamic areas. Within each of the 4 brain loci, one or more of 3 unique photopigments, including melanopsin, neuropsin, and vertebrate ancient opsin, have been identified. An experiment was designed to characterize electrophysiological responses of neurons proposed to be avian DBP following light stimulation. A second study used immature chicks raised under shortday photoperiods and transferred to long day lengths. Gene expression of photopigments was then determined in 3 septal-hypothalamic regions. Preliminary electrophysiological data obtained from patch-clamping neurons in brain slices have shown that bipolar neurons in the lateral septal organ responded to photostimulation comparable with mammalian ipRGC, particularly by showing depolarization and a delayed, slow response to directed light stimulation. Utilizing real-time reversetranscription PCR, it was found that all 3 photopigments showed significantly increased gene expression in the septal-hypothalamic regions in chicks on the third day after being transferred to long-day photoperiods. Each dissected region contained structures previously proposed to have DBP. The highly significant increased ge...

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Dopamine-melatonin neurons in the avian hypothalamus controlling seasonal reproduction

Cited by 58 publications

References 36 publications

GABAergic Neurotransmission in the Premammillary Nucleus of the Turkey Hypothalamus Regulates Reproductive Seasonality and the Onset of Photorefractoriness

GABAergic Neurotransmission in the Premammillary Nucleus of the Turkey Hypothalamus Regulates Reproductive Seasonality and the Onset of Photorefractoriness

Myopia, Light and Circadian Rhythms

Exploring avian deep-brain photoreceptors and their role in activating the neuroendocrine regulation of gonadal development

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