2008
DOI: 10.1007/s12031-008-9153-8
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Dopamine in the Turkey Retina—An Impact of Environmental Light, Circadian Clock, and Melatonin

Abstract: Substantial evidence suggests that dopamine and melatonin are mutually inhibitory factors that act in the retina as chemical analogs of day and night. Here, we show an impact of environmental light, biological clock, and melatonin on retinal levels of dopamine and its major metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the turkey. In turkeys held under different light (L) to dark (D) cycles (16L:8D, 12L:12D, 8L:16D), retinal levels of dopamine and DOPAC fluctuated with daily rhythms. High levels of dopa… Show more

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Cited by 10 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…The opposite effects of dark rearing on the b-/a-wave ratio of WT and D1−/− mice seem to be the result of a stronger reduction of b-wave of dark reared D1−/− mice, particularly the b-wave evoked by low intensity of lights. Because dopamine release in the retina is likely to be reduced in dark reared animals [56] [58] , [101] – [104] , dark rearing would reduce the activation of D1 dopamine receptors in WT mice but not induce any D1 receptor mediated effects in D1−/− mice. The fact that dark rearing reduced the b-/a-wave ratio of D1−/− mice to the level of WT mice raised under the cyclic light conditions suggests that dopamine reduces the b-/a-wave ratio through activation of D1 dopamine receptors and enhances the b-/a-wave ratio through another mechanism.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The opposite effects of dark rearing on the b-/a-wave ratio of WT and D1−/− mice seem to be the result of a stronger reduction of b-wave of dark reared D1−/− mice, particularly the b-wave evoked by low intensity of lights. Because dopamine release in the retina is likely to be reduced in dark reared animals [56] [58] , [101] – [104] , dark rearing would reduce the activation of D1 dopamine receptors in WT mice but not induce any D1 receptor mediated effects in D1−/− mice. The fact that dark rearing reduced the b-/a-wave ratio of D1−/− mice to the level of WT mice raised under the cyclic light conditions suggests that dopamine reduces the b-/a-wave ratio through activation of D1 dopamine receptors and enhances the b-/a-wave ratio through another mechanism.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Activation of D2 receptors regulates gap junction couplings between rods and cones, gap junction couplings between RGCs (Mills et al, 2007;Ribelayga & Mangel, 2010), transmembrane currents in rods (Kawai et al, 2011), the amplitudes of electroretinogram (ERG) b-waves (Miranda-Anaya et al, 2002) and oscillatory potentials (OPs) (Perry & George, 2007), and the light responses of RGCs (Bodis-Wollner & Tzelepi, 1998). In addition, development and visual activity regulates the expression of dopamine receptors, the number of dopaminergic cells (Melamed et al, 1986;Klitten et al, 2008), and the storage and release of dopamine (Melamed et al, 1986;Spira & Parkinson, 1991;Shelke et al, 1997;Lorenc-Duda et al, 2009). Therefore, it is highly likely that D2 receptors might also regulate the activity-dependent development of the retina.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Light is one of the important environmental factors affecting crustaceans’ survival, directly or indirectly influencing their growth, feeding and reproduction[ 13 , 46 , 47 ], and light environment is the major factor regulating the synthesis and metabolism of dopamine[ 16 ]. As a benthic animal, the Chinese mitten crab prefers a dark environment, and planting waterweed can have a shading and cooling effect that is beneficial to growth and survival[ 48 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Light influences the growth and development of crustaceans[ 12 , 13 ], such as Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Portunus pelagicus , and daily changes in dopamine synthesis and release depend on the interactions between the photoreceptors and the dopaminergic neurons, where dopamine release is induced by light[ 14 , 15 ]. High levels of dopamine have been detected during light periods and low levels during dark periods[ 16 18 ], for this reason, it is believed that dopamine promotes light adaptation. However, constant light results in a dramatic reduction in dopamine levels in chicken retina[ 19 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%