Donor-specific circulating cell free DNA as a noninvasive biomarker of graft injury in heart transplantation

Current Trends in Applications of Circulatory Microchimerism Detection in Transplantation

“…Heart transplant could be viewed as a pioneer of the field with an early study of a sizeable cohort from Stanford taking advantage of a large biorepository also containing plasma, allowing the selection more than a 100 sex-mismatched heart transplant cases [78] later confirmed in an independent prospective cohort using the novel NGS-based technique [85]. Among the further confirmatory studies a diagnostic method oriented study can be found by Grskovic et al [17] as well as a pediatric heart transplant cohort examined with proprietary diagnostic [86] and a Spanish study using an alternative, technically less challenging diagnostic approach [32]. Regarding liver TX, besides an early case report [91] and small prospective cohorts [50,92], a larger ( n = 115) multicentric study demonstrated significantly elevated dd-cfDNA levels in acute rejection compared to transplanted patients in stable phase or those with hepatitis C infection [87].…”

“…As an alternative to hybridization probes, Goh et al analyzed dd-cfDNA after liver transplantation by targeting DIPs by the amplification primers themselves [31]. The successful application of as few as 10 DIPs along with digital PCR for the detection of dd-cfDNA in a small cohort of heart transplanted patients published as a less resource demanding approach [32]. Besides these publicly available marker collections, a large selection of commercial kits are also available, indicating the importance of the approach [33,34,35,36,37].…”

“…The dPCR technique proved to be more sensitive in detection of relapse after allo-HSCT compared to qPCR [35]. Similarly to allo-HSCT, dPCR has also been widely used in the context of SOT to detect dd-cfDNA in combination with DIPs [32,50], SNPs [3], copy number variations [51], or HLA-disparities [17,18,43,52].…”

Rational Design of Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer/MWCNT Surface Modifiers and Their Application for Direct Electrochemical Sensing of DNA

“…Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), nucleotides and oligonucleotides are recognized as markers of many pathological states. Graft DNA circulating in transplant recipients has been proposed as a potential biomarker of organ rejection or cellular graft injury [ 7 ]. Copy number of leukocyte mitochondrial DNA was already reported as a potential biomarker indicating poor outcome in biliary atresia and its association with oxidative DNA damage and telomere length [ 8 ].…”

Circulating cell-free DNA levels are associated with adverse outcomes in heart failure: testing liquid biopsy in heart failure

“…[1][2][3] More recently, investigations in the cardiovascular field [4][5][6] have shown associations of cfDNA with cardiovascular risk factors, 7 cardiovascular disease status (acute myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation), 6 and for the early diagnosis of heart transplant rejection. [8][9][10] However, despite knowing that cell death is one of the features of heart failure (HF) pathobiology, cfDNA has never been investigated in chronic HF. The aim of the present study was to assess, for the first time, the role of the liquid biopsy in HF, investigating cfDNA levels in HF patients and their associations with clinical status, morbidity and mortality.…”