Donor–acceptor copolymers based on benzo[1,2- b :4,5- b ′]dithiophene and pyrene-fused phenazine for high-performance polymer solar cells

Synthesis and photophysical properties of novel multisubstituted benzene and naphthalene derivatives with high 2D-π-conjugation

“…Preparation of 1,2-Bis(2,2 0 -bithiophene-5-yl)acetylene (bbta) (4) Cascade of three reactors, each containing a mixture of substrates consisting of 5-iodo-2,2 0 -bithiophene (15.0 g, 51.3 mmol), CuI (1.125 g, 5.9 mmol), [PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 ] (0.75 g, 1.1 mmol), acetone (500 mL), triethylamine (11.25 mL, 81 mmol) was flushed with a steady stream of acetylene (1 mol/6 h) mixed with argon (1:5 v/v) at room temperature for 6 h. After purging with acetylene was finished, the content of the reactors was left to stir for 24 h at room temperature. Then the volatile fractions from the combined mixtures were evaporated on a rotary evaporator.…”

“…The most important feature from the photovoltaic's point of view is the strong pi-excess character of this hetero-aryl, what is crucial during donor-acceptor systems modeling. In the literature one can find multiple systems of this kind based on thiophene, in which various electron withdrawing moieties such as: naphthaleniediimide [2], thiadiazoles [3], pyrene-fused phenazine [4], pyrazole [5] and very popular nowadays diketopyrrolopyrroles [6,7] are used. In addition, quite simple substituent incorporating into molecule skeleton enables modifying HOMO, LUMO and band gap levels what affecting on photoluminescence (PL) changing the luminescence wavelength.…”

Polymer design for solar cell – Current trend and future scenario

“…Thus, it benefits charge transportation and absorption in longer wavelengths [96]. D-A-type conjugated polymers bearing PPz and BDTT (P95) found to have extended planar structure with enhanced hole mobility due to increasing the inter-chain p-p interactions [97] (see Fig. 10).…”

Acceptor-donor-acceptor small molecules containing benzo[1,2- b :4,5- b ']dithiophene and rhodanine units for solution processed organic solar cells

“…The SCLC is estimated by the Mott Gurney equation [14,37]: J ¼ 9ε 0 ε r m h V 2 /8L 3 , in which J is current density, L is film thickness of active layer (85 nm), m h is hole mobility, ε r is relative dielectric constant of the transport medium, ε 0 is permittivity of free space (8.85 Â 10 À12 F m À1 ), V is internal voltage in the device and V ¼ V appl ÀV a ÀV bi , where V appl is applied voltage, V a is voltage drop, and V bi is the built-in voltage due to the relative work function difference of the two electrodes. As depicted in Fig.…”