Don’t Pitch Like a Girl!: How Gender Stereotypes Influence Investor Decisions

Balachandra, Lakshmi; Briggs, Tony; Eddleston, Kim; Brush, Candida G.

doi:10.1177/1042258717728028

Cited by 248 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…The topic of gender stereotypes about entrepreneurs attracts rich discussion and intense debate in academic and popular discourse (Balachandra, Briggs, Eddleston, and Brush ; Hechavarría et al ; Santos et al ). Research on the gendered nature of entrepreneurship, however, has generally been restricted to “a singular meaning” of entrepreneurial activity, largely overlooking “the rich, blooming heterogeneity of entrepreneurship across wide‐ranging contexts” (Welter et al , p. 316).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Characterizations in Entrepreneurship: A Multi-Level Investigation of Sex-Role Stereotypes about High-Growth, Commercial, and Social Entrepreneurs

Gupta¹,

Wieland²,

Turban³

2018

Journal of Small Business Management

143

105

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The purpose of this study is to cast new light on possible gender biases in implicit theories people hold about various forms of entrepreneurial activity. Using social role theory, we delve into sex-role stereotypes associated with high-and low-growth entrepreneurship and commercial and social entrepreneurship. Predictions were tested with an experimental design using both a between-subject design to capture group-level stereotypes and a within-subject design to capture individual-level stereotypes. Findings reveal that commercial and high-growth entrepreneurs are perceived as more similar to men than to women and higher on agency than communality. Conversely, low-growth entrepreneurs are perceived as more similar to women than men, and higher on communality than agency. Social entrepreneurs are uniquely perceived as similar to both men and women, though they are also considered higher on agency than communality. Interestingly, female, but not male respondents, perceive some overlap between the feminine gender role and high-growth and commercial entrepreneurship. Notably, those higher on modern sexism perceive less overlap between entrepreneurship and femininity. Taken together, our results suggest that commercial high-growth entrepreneurship is most strongly male-typed, which is likely to be problematic for women (and non-traditional men) wanting to start growth-oriented ventures. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Characterizations in Entrepreneurship: A Multi-Level Investigation of Sex-Role Stereotypes about High-Growth, Commercial, and Social Entrepreneurs

Gupta¹,

Wieland²,

Turban³

2018

Journal of Small Business Management

143

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cultural-cognitive institutions (such as suppliers, buyers, regulatory agencies, resource providers, or the media) shape the cognitive legitimacy of entrepreneurial new ventures; if accepted, they will have a higher probability of success. However, ifwhen pitching their ideas to potential customers and investorswomen fail to successfully convey the value of their product, the new venture's viability and survival chances will be seriously jeopardized, as investors are reluctant to accept women's legitimacy (Balachandra et al 2019). Additionally, a recent study by Kanze et al (2018) documents that investors ask promotion-focused questions to male entrepreneurs and prevention-focused questions to female entrepreneurs and, in this way, they induce corresponding responses and perpetuate disparities in funding outcomes (those asked promotion-focused questions raise significantly higher amounts of funding).…”

Section: Institutional Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stemming the gender gap in STEM entrepreneurship – insights into women’s entrepreneurship in science, technology, engineering and mathematics

et al. 2020

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Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are notably important for innovation and technological development, which in turn are seen as drivers of social and economic growth. Hence, researchers and policy-makers have paid substantial attention to analyzing and promoting high-growth ventures in STEM fields. However, STEM fields are highly gender-skewed, regardless of whether the population considered is students, faculty members, graduates, top managers, or entrepreneurs. This is noticeable in the small number of women entrepreneurs with STEM backgrounds. This underrepresentation of women in innovation-driven business startups highlights existing gender biases and systemic disadvantages in social structures, making visible the double masculinity that exists at the intersection of STEM and entrepreneurship. This article addresses this issue by combining insights from research about women's entrepreneurship and research about the gender aspects of STEM fields. We emphasize institutional, organizational, and individual factors influencing women's entrepreneurship in STEM fields, laying the foundation for the articles included in this special issue. Finally, we discuss the way forward for research on the gender aspects of STEM entrepreneurship to help us create the knowledge needed to close this gender gap.

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“…This can happen even when others around them feel conflicted about doing so. research into the interpersonal interactions entrepreneurs must understand, navigate and navigate to build their ventures has been growing in recent years (e.g., Balachandra et al 2017;Chen, Yao, and Kotha 2009;Kanze et al 2018). Entrepreneurs who can master the appropriate interpersonal skills "in the moment" to make the right connections and articulate their value propositions are ones that suggest the entrepreneurial self-efficacy for being adaptable yet focused on an interpersonal level.…”

Section: Agreement and Building On Being Constructive During Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Improvisational Entrepreneur: Improvisation Training in Entrepreneurship Education

Balachandra

2019

Journal of Small Business Management

Self Cite

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Entrepreneurs constantly face unexpected and unanticipated situations; those that thrive are ones that are identified by the literature as “improvisational.” Yet extant entrepreneurship research has not distinguished what improvisation is from how to do it. I propose training in the principles developed from the theory of performing improvisation promotes the entrepreneurship mindset through pedagogy. Qualitative studies reveal entrepreneurial self‐efficacy themes related to interpersonal/team considerations for entrepreneurs, and introduce “improvisational alertness” as a critical entrepreneurship consideration. Entrepreneurs can learn to keenly pay attention to interpersonal conditions of the present and the future in order to adapt potential limitations for venture success.

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Don’t Pitch Like a Girl!: How Gender Stereotypes Influence Investor Decisions

Cited by 248 publications

References 101 publications

Gender Characterizations in Entrepreneurship: A Multi-Level Investigation of Sex-Role Stereotypes about High-Growth, Commercial, and Social Entrepreneurs

Gender Characterizations in Entrepreneurship: A Multi-Level Investigation of Sex-Role Stereotypes about High-Growth, Commercial, and Social Entrepreneurs

Stemming the gender gap in STEM entrepreneurship – insights into women’s entrepreneurship in science, technology, engineering and mathematics

The Improvisational Entrepreneur: Improvisation Training in Entrepreneurship Education

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