“Don’t Ever Forget Now, You’re a Black Man in America”: Intersections of Race, Class and Gender In Encounters with the Police

Dottolo, Andrea L.; Stewart, Abigail J.

doi:10.1007/s11199-007-9387-x

Cited by 76 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Concerns about the future safety and well-being of children are universal stressors for expectant mothers; however, historical and contemporary police violence targeting African American youth present an added burden for pregnant African American women [1][2][3][4][5]. Highly publicized deadly encounters between the police and African American men and boys raise the question of how does the stress associated with a high probability of negative police-youth encounters affect African American pregnant women's emotional and mental health?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipated Negative Police-Youth Encounters and Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant African American Women: A Brief Report

et al. 2017

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The widely publicized violent encounters between police and African American youth have unknown consequences for the emotional and mental health of pregnant African American women. Since studies document the hypervigilance black mothers exert to protect children from violence and racism and findings also reveal the association between racial and gendered stress (which includes parenting stressors) and depressive symptoms during pregnancy, an examination of the effects of stress from anticipated negative experiences between black youth and police on maternal mental health is warranted. Between July and August 2014, 100 mostly low income pregnant African American women who lived in metropolitan Atlanta and were in their first and second trimesters completed the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, selected items from the Jackson, Hogue, Phillips contextualized stress measure, and a demographic form. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted in response to questions that asked: (1) is the anticipation of negative encounters between black youth and police associated with antenatal depressive symptoms and (2) how does the presence of prior children, male or female, contribute to the association? For question 1, the results showed that anticipated negative African American youth-police experiences were significantly associated with antenatal depressive symptoms χ 2 (2, N = 87) = 12.62, p = .002. For question 2, the presence of a preschool-aged male child in the home was significantly associated with antenatal depression (p = .009, odds ratio = 13.23). The observed associations between antenatal depressive symptoms and anticipated negative policeyouth encounters have implications for clinical-and community-based interventions responding to the unique psychosocial risks for pregnant African American women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipated Negative Police-Youth Encounters and Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant African American Women: A Brief Report

et al. 2017

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“…This seems especially likely for poor and foreign-born Hispanics, who may be unusually vulnerable to the effects of unfair treatment and other social and economic stressors because of limitations in their cultural knowledge and resources, as well as their immigrant status. Meanwhile, the effect of exposure to racism on psychological distress specifi cally may be compounded among the poor because the stereotypes and prejudices associated with racial or ethnic minority status are qualitatively different, and more negative overall, for Black and Latino people who are also poor (Dottolo and Stewart, 2008;Espinoza and Willis-Esqueda, 2008;Collins, 1991;Lott and Saxon, 2002;Weeks and Lupfer, 2004). Similarly, foreign-born Latinos are likely to be exposed to anti-immigrant sentiments and other intense negative reactions that are not experienced by native-born Latinos (Weisman de Mamani et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Prejudice and Unfair Treatment: Interactive Effects With Poverty and Foreign Nativity on Problem Drinking

Zemore¹,

Karriker‐Jaffe²,

Keithly³

et al. 2011

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: Although racial and ethnic minorities are often disadvantaged in multiple ways, little research has examined the interactive effects of multiple forms of disadvantage in these populations. The current study describes the independent and interactive effects of perceived prejudice, perceived unfair treatment, poverty, and foreign nativity on problem drinking outcomes among Black and Latino adults. Method: The data source was Black (n = 504) and Latino (n = 766) drinkers from the nationally representative, weighted 2005 National Alcohol Survey. Perceived prejudice was assessed using a composite measure of racial stigma consciousness; perceived unfair treatment was assessed using a single item. Respondents whose per capita household income was below the 2004 poverty guidelines were coded as "poor"; nativity status was assessed among Latinos. Outcomes included past-year drinking to drunkenness, any drinking-related consequences, and two or more dependence symptoms. Results: In bivariate tests, higher levels of unfair treatment were signifi cantly associated with all three outcomes among Blacks (marginally so for drunkenness) and dependence symptoms among Latinos. Further, higher racial stigma was signifi cantly associated with higher rates of any drinking consequences among Latinos. In multivariate logistic regressions, six signifi cant or marginally signifi cant interactions emerged. For each, the pattern of results suggested stronger associations between perceived prejudice/unfair treatment and problem drinking given either poverty or foreign nativity. Conclusions: Although fi ndings were somewhat mixed, the pattern of results tentatively supports the hypothesis that associations between problem drinking and both prejudice and unfair treatment can be exacerbated given the presence of other stressors, particularly among Latinos. Results extend the literature on the health consequences of prejudice and discrimination, highlighting important effects of cumulative adversity and suggesting a need to focus particularly on drinkers exposed to the combined effects of multiple stressors in prevention and treatment efforts. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 72, 361-370, 2011)

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“…Dottolo and Stewart (2008) exemplify this idea through their examination of how relations with the police construct identity. Using a Black and White middle-aged sample from Michigan, they examined the extent to which references to police relations and discrimination spontaneously occurred when discussing identity.…”

Section: Social Identities As Social Structural Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Best Practices Guide to Intersectional Approaches in Psychological Research

2008

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This paper serves as a "best practices guide" for researchers interested in applying intersectionality theory to psychological research. Intersectionality, the mutually constitutive relations among social identities, presents several issues to researchers interested in applying it to research. I highlight three central issues and provide guidelines for how to address them. First, I discuss the constraints in the number of identities that researchers are able to test in an empirical study, and highlight relevant decision rules. Second, I discuss when to focus on "master" identities (e.g., gender) versus "emergent" identities (i.e., White lesbian). Third, I argue that treating identity as a process situated within social structural contexts facilitates the research process. I end with a brief discussion of the implications for the study of intersectionality.

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“Don’t Ever Forget Now, You’re a Black Man in America”: Intersections of Race, Class and Gender In Encounters with the Police

Cited by 76 publications

References 27 publications

Anticipated Negative Police-Youth Encounters and Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant African American Women: A Brief Report

Anticipated Negative Police-Youth Encounters and Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant African American Women: A Brief Report

Racial Prejudice and Unfair Treatment: Interactive Effects With Poverty and Foreign Nativity on Problem Drinking

A Best Practices Guide to Intersectional Approaches in Psychological Research

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