“…Biowaste could be an abundant and alternative resource to produce a range of fuels, chemicals, and materials ( Zhang et al, 2019a ; Zhang et al, 2019b ; Zhang et al, 2022 ). Biomass is deemed a luxuriant, natural, sustainable, and renewable energy source, serving as the feedstock for the sustainable transformation of value-added bioproducts ( Chen et al, 2023 ; Jiang et al, 2023 ). It is of great significance to develop biomass conversion and production approaches.…”