“…Our results suggest that social responsibility did not burnish firms' reputation in a time of crises, as proponents of social responsibility claim (Grow et al, 2005). Our results are also inconsistent with prior research finding a positive association between social responsibility and market value (Litvak, 1992;Luck and Pilotte, 1993;Diltz et al, 1999;Schueth, 2003). Instead, our results are more consistent with the critics argument that expenditures on social responsibility are not consistent with maximizing shareholder value (Vance, 1975;Aupperle et al, 1985;Atkins, 2006), and with prior research finding no association between social responsibility and market value (e.g., Hamilton et al, 1993;Diltz, 1995a,b;Guerard, 1996;Kurtz and diBartolomeo, 1996;Reyes and Grieb, 1998;Statman, 2000;Bauer et al, 2005).…”